Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰáwšas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From *gʰáwšati (“to hear, listen; to shout”) +‎ *-as.^[1]

Noun

*gʰáwšas m^[2]^[3]

noise, sound

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʰáwšas	*gʰáwšā(w)	*gʰáwšās(as)
vocative	*gʰáwša	*gʰáwšā(w)	*gʰáwšās(as)
accusative	*gʰáwšam	*gʰáwšā(w)	*gʰáwšāns
instrumental	*gʰáwšaH	*gʰáwšaybʰyā(m)	*gʰáwšāyš
ablative	*gʰáwšāt	*gʰáwšaybʰyā(m)	*gʰáwšaybʰyas
dative	*gʰáwšāy	*gʰáwšaybʰyā(m)	*gʰáwšaybʰyas
genitive	*gʰáwšasya	*gʰáwšayās	*gʰáwšānaHam
locative	*gʰáwšay	*gʰáwšayaw	*gʰáwšayšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰáwṣas
- Sanskrit: घोष (ghóṣa) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *gáwšah
- Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (gaoša)
- Baluchi: گوش (goš)
- Gurani: گۆش (gɔš)
- Kurdish:
  - Northern Kurdish: guh
  - Central Kurdish: گوێ (gwê)
- Old Persian: 𐎥𐎢𐏁𐎠 (g-u-š-a /⁠gauša⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭱 (gʿš /⁠gōš⁠/)
    - Persian: گوش (gôš)
    - Tajik: гӯш (güš)
- Ossetian: хъус (qus), гъос (ǧos)
- Zazaki: goş
- → Old Armenian: գոյշ (goyš)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “GHOṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 518
^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010), Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 203: “Indo-Ir. *ghauš-”
^ Cheung, Johnny (2011), Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma (Iran and the Caucasus)‎^[2], volume 15, numbers 1-2, Brill Academic Publishers, page 184: “*gauša-”

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “GHOṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 518

[IELC-2] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010), Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 203: “Indo-Ir. *ghauš-”

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2011), Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma (Iran and the Caucasus)‎^[2], volume 15, numbers 1-2, Brill Academic Publishers, page 184: “*gauša-”

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