Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrakjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

By surface analysis, *wrekaną (“to persue”) +‎ *-janą. The LIV considers Gothic wrakjan to possibly reflect a Proto-Indo-European causative Proto-Indo-European *wrog-éye-ti, from *wreg-. It is possible that this same causative formation is the source of Sanskrit vrājáyati.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈwrɑk.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wrakjaną[2]

  1. to track, to follow
  2. to persecute

Inflection

Conjugation of *wrakjaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wrakjō *wrakjaų — *wrakjai ?
2nd singular *wrakisi *wrakjais *wraki *wrakjasai *wrakjaisau
3rd singular *wrakiþi *wrakjai *wrakjaþau *wrakjaþai *wrakjaiþau
1st dual *wrakjōs *wrakjaiw — — —
2nd dual *wrakjaþiz *wrakjaiþiz *wrakjaþiz — —
1st plural *wrakjamaz *wrakjaim — *wrakjanþai *wrakjainþau
2nd plural *wrakiþ *wrakjaiþ *wrakiþ *wrakjanþai *wrakjainþau
3rd plural *wrakjanþi *wrakjain *wrakjanþau *wrakjanþai *wrakjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wrakidǭ *wrakidēdį̄
2nd singular *wrakidēz *wrakidēdīz
3rd singular *wrakidē *wrakidēdī
1st dual *wrakidēdū *wrakidēdīw
2nd dual *wrakidēdudiz *wrakidēdīdiz
1st plural *wrakidēdum *wrakidēdīm
2nd plural *wrakidēdud *wrakidēdīd
3rd plural *wrakidēdun *wrakidēdīn
present past
participles *wrakjandz *wrakidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *wrakkjan
    • Old English: wreccan
  • Old Norse: rekja
  • Gothic: 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan)

References

  1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ṷreg-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 697
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*wrakjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 471
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