Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wes-

*wes- (imperfective)^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}

2. to dress, clothe

• ^?*us-yé-ti (yé-present)
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • >? Hittite: 𒉿𒀸𒊺𒄑𒍣 (wa-aš-š-še-ez-zi /⁠waššezzi⁠/, “to wear, clothe”)
• *wes-néw-ti ~ *wes-n̥w-énti (nu-present)^[7]
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: զգենում (zgenum, “to dress oneself”)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἕννῡμῐ (hénnūmĭ, “to dress”)

      Ionic Greek: εἵνῡμῐ (heínūmĭ)

• *wés-tor (“to be wearing”, deponent athematic Narten root present)^[4]
• *wos-éye-ti (“to dress”, causative)^[4]
• ^?*wḗs-t ~ *wés-n̥t (s-aorist)^[4]
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: զգեցաւ (zgecʻaw, aorist of զգենում (zgenum))
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἕσσα (héssa, aorist of ἕννῡμῐ (hénnūmĭ))
  • Tocharian:
    • Tocharian A: wässāte (3rd person singular preterite of wäs-)
    • Tocharian B: wsānt (3rd person plural preterite of wäs-)
• *wés-mn̥o-s (“garment?”) (or *wés-n̥no-s) ^?
  • Proto-Hellenic: *wéhanos
    • Ancient Greek: ἑᾰνός (heănós, “woman's robe”), εἱᾰνός (heiănós) (verse-initially), ἑᾱνός (heānós) (later)
    • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀸𐁀𐀜𐀂 (we-a2-no-i /⁠wehanoiʰi⁠/, dat.pl.)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wásanam
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wásanam
      • Sanskrit: वस॑न n (vásana)
    • Proto-Iranian: *wáhanam
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬥𐬀 n (vaŋhana)
• *wés-mn̥ (“garment”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *wéhmə
    • Ancient Greek: εἷμα (heîma), εἵματα (heímata, “clothes”)

      Aeolic Greek: ἔμμα (émma)

      Cretan Greek: ϝῆμα (wêma)

  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wásma
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wásma
      • Sanskrit: वस्म॑न् (vásman)
• *wés-ti-s ~ *us-téy-s (“act of dressing; clothing”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wés-tro-m
  • Germanic:
    • Middle High German: wester (“christening dress”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *wéstrā
    • Doric Greek: ϝέστρᾱ (wéstrā)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wástram (see there for further descendants)
• *wés-tu-s
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: զգեստ (zgest, “dress”)

Unsorted formations

• Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: առա-գաստ (aṙa-gast, “curtain”) (< *wés-t-eh₂-) (possibly)
• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: ἐσθής (esthḗs, “clothes”)
• Tocharian:
  • Tocharian B: wastsi (“clothers”) (infinitive of wäs-)

• Anatolian:
  • Hittite: [script needed] (waš-)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *was-
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *was-
    • Sanskrit: वस् (vas)
  • Proto-Iranian: *wah- (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Tocharian: *wäs-
  • Tocharian A: wäs-
  • Tocharian B: wäs-

*wes- (imperfective)^[8][9][10]

2. to graze, consume, eat

• *wḗs-ti ~ *wés-n̥ti (acrodynamic present)
  • Latin: vēscor (“to nourish oneself”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Hittite: wesiyattari (“grazes”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wesaną (“to consume, feast”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wes-teh₂-
  • >? Proto-Celtic: *westā (“food, feast”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wes-ti-
  • Proto-Germanic: *wistiz (“provisions, food”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wes-ri-
  • Tocharian A: wäsri (“pasture”)

Unsorted formations

• Hittite: wēsi- (“meadow”)
• Hittite: wastara- (“herdsman”)
• Avestan: 𐬬𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭 (vāstar, “herdsman”)^[11]
• Avestan: 𐬬𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬭𐬀 (vāstra, “pasture”)
• Proto-Germanic: *wisundz (“bison”)

*wes-^[12][13][14]

1. to sell

• *wés-ti ~ *us-énti (athematic root present)
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠u̯a-a-ši⁠/)
• *we-wós-e ~ *we-ws-ḗr (perfect)^[12]
  • Hittite: [Term?] (/⁠wāsi⁠/)
• *wós-n̥ ~ *us-né-s (“sale; price”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wes-ó-s (“selling, trade”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wasás
    • Proto-Iranian: *waháh
      • Khotanese: 𑀩𑀳𑁄𑀬𑁆𑀲𑀦 (bahoysana)
      • Middle Persian: [Term?] (/⁠wahāg⁠/)
        • Persian: بها (bahâ)
      • Ossetian: (“sale”)

        Digor Ossetian: уӕйӕ (wæjæ)

        Iron Ossetian: уӕй (wæj)

      • Sogdian: [Term?] (/⁠xwʾqr⁠/, “merchant”)
      • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *wahá-čāra- (“market”) (with *kʷel- (“to walk”))
        • Gilaki: واجار (vājār, “open market, bazaar”)
        • Kurdish:

          Central Kurdish: باژاڕ (bajarr), باژێڕ (bajêrr)

          Northern Kurdish: bajar

        • Mazanderani: واجار (vājār)
        • Semnani: vāžā́r
        • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾčʾl /⁠wāzār⁠/)
          • Persian: بازار (bâzâr) (see there for further descendants)
    • → Proto-Finno-Ugric: *wosa (see there for further descendants)