Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tews-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Unknown.

Root

*tews-^{[a 1]}^{[a 2]}

to be empty; to drain

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tews- (empty) (1 c, 0 e)

*tus-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tušćáti
  - Proto-Iranian: *tuŝáti
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬙𐬎𐬯𐬆𐬥 (tusən, 3.pl.inj)
*tows-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tawšáyati
  - Proto-Iranian: *tawšáyati
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬙𐬌 (taošaiieti, 3.sg.pres.ind)
*tus-sḱ-yós (“empty”)^{[a 3]}
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tuskjas (“empty”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tušćyás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tuśćyás
    - Vedic Sanskrit: तुच्छ्य (tucchyá, “empty”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *tuŝyás
    - Khotanese: tuśśaa (“empty”)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (twhyg /⁠tuhīg⁠/)
      - Persian: تهی (tohi, “empty”)
    - Parthian: [script needed] (twsyg, “empty”)

Unsorted formations

Italic:
- Latin: tesqua (“desert”)
Proto-Germanic: *þustaz (“manure”)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *teu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 642
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*tauš”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*tussk̂i̯os”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 179

Etymology 2

Mallory suggests that the term may be an extension of a root *tew- (“to favor”), which he also sees in Latin tueor.^{[b 1]} De Vaan, however, connects the Latin term with the root *tewh₂-.^[1]

Root

*tews-^{[b 2]}^{[b 3]}

to be calm, content, happy

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tews- (happy) (1 c, 0 e)

*tus-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: [script needed] (tu-uš-ki-ez-zi /⁠tuškezzi⁠/, “to be happy”)^{[b 4]}
*tus-yé-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tušyáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tuṣyáti
    - Sanskrit: तुष्यति (túṣyati) (metrically तुष्यते (túṣyate))
      - Pali: tussati
*tows-éye-ti (causative-iterative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tawšáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tawṣáyati
    - Sanskrit: तोषयति (toṣáyati)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Slavic: *tušiti (“to make still, to quench”)^{[b 5]} (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *þusiþaz (“silent”) (see there for further descendants)
Sanskrit: तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm, “silently”)
Old Prussian: tusnan (“still”)

References

^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 534: “A Proto-Indo-European *teus- ‘be happy’ (arguably an extended form of *teu- favour’)”
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *teu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 641
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*teus-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 255
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “tušk(ii̯e/a)-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1040
^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ту́хнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tueor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 632-633

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *teu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 642

[2] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*tauš”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388

[3] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*tussk̂i̯os”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 179

[4] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 534: “A Proto-Indo-European *teus- ‘be happy’ (arguably an extended form of *teu- favour’)”

[6] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *teu̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 641

[7] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*teus-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 255

[8] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “tušk(ii̯e/a)-^zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1040

[9] Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ту́хнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “tueor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 632-633

[a 1]

[a 2]

[a 3]

[b 1]

[1]

[b 2]

[b 3]

[b 4]

[b 5]