Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sréweti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Thematic root present of *srew-.

Verb

*sréweti (imperfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

to flow

Conjugation

Imperfective, thematic
3rd singular	*sréweti
3rd plural	*sréwonti
Active voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*sréwoh₂	*sréwom	—	*sréwōh₂	*sréwoyh₁m̥
2nd singular	*sréwesi	*sréwes	*sréwe	*sréwēsi	*sréwoys
3rd singular	*sréweti	*sréwet	*sréwetu	*sréwēti	*sréwoyt
1st dual	*sréwowos	*sréwowe	—	*sréwōwos	*sréwoywe
2nd dual	*sréwetes	*sréwetom	*sréwetom	*sréwētes	*sréwoytom
3rd dual	*sréwetes	*sréwetām	*sréwetām	*sréwētes	*sréwoytām
1st plural	*sréwomos	*sréwome	—	*sréwōmos	*sréwoyme
2nd plural	*sréwete	*sréwete	*sréwete	*sréwēte	*sréwoyte
3rd plural	*sréwonti	*sréwont	*sréwontu	*sréwōnti	*sréwoyh₁n̥t

Participle	*sréwonts
Middle voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*sréwoh₂er	*sréwoh₂e	—	*sréwōh₂er	*sréwoyh₂e
2nd singular	*sréweth₂er	*sréweth₂e	*sréweso	*sréwēth₂er	*sréwoyth₂e
3rd singular	*sréwetor	*sréweto	*?	*sréwētor	sréwoyto, sréwoyh₁o
1st dual	*sréwowosdʰh₂	*sréwowedʰh₂	—	*sréwōwosdʰh₂	*sréwoywedʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*sréwomosdʰh₂	*sréwomedʰh₂	—	*sréwōmosdʰh₂	*sréwoymedʰh₂
2nd plural	*sréwedʰh₂we	*sréwedʰh₂we	*sréwedʰh₂we	*sréwēdʰh₂we	*sréwoydʰh₂we
3rd plural	*sréwontor	*sréwonto	*?	*sréwōntor	*sréwoyro

Participle	*sréwomnos

Descendants

Proto-Armenian:
- >? Old Armenian: առոգեմ (aṙogem) (contradicted by Martirosyan)^[8]
Proto-Hellenic: *hréwō (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sráwati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sráwati
  - Sanskrit: स्रवति (srávati, “to flow”)
- Proto-Iranian: *hráwati
  - Parthian: 𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫅 (rʾwynd, “to pour off”, 3pl.pres.)
Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Old Lithuanian: *srāva?
  - >? Lithuanian: sravė́ti (contradicted by Derksen, who derives it from *srow-)^[9]

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ῥέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1281-1282
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*sreṷ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 588
^ Miguel Villanueva Svensson (10 June 2021), “The origin of the Indo-European simple thematic presents: The nominal connection”, in Indo-European Linguistics‎^[1], volume 9, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, page 284
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*sreṷ- 'flow' (pres. *sreṷe/o-).”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 207
^ Hoenigswald, Henry M. (29 April 2015), “Greek”, in Ramat, Anna Giacalone, Ramat, Paolo, editors, The Indo-European Languages‎^[2], Routledge, →ISBN, page 250
^ García Ramón, José Luis (2014), “From Aktionsart to aspect and voice: on the morphosyntax of the Greek aorists with -η- and -θη-”, in Bartolotta, Annamaria, editor, The Greek verb: Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics (Proceedings of the 8th International Meeting on Greek Linguistics), page 160
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “SRAV”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 784: “Idg. *sreṷ (Präs. *sréṷ-e-)”
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “aṙogem”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 113
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “sravėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 424

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ῥέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1281-1282

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*sreṷ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 588

[3] Miguel Villanueva Svensson (10 June 2021), “The origin of the Indo-European simple thematic presents: The nominal connection”, in Indo-European Linguistics‎^[1], volume 9, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, page 284

[4] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*sreṷ- 'flow' (pres. *sreṷe/o-).”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 207

[5] Hoenigswald, Henry M. (29 April 2015), “Greek”, in Ramat, Anna Giacalone, Ramat, Paolo, editors, The Indo-European Languages‎^[2], Routledge, →ISBN, page 250

[6] García Ramón, José Luis (2014), “From Aktionsart to aspect and voice: on the morphosyntax of the Greek aorists with -η- and -θη-”, in Bartolotta, Annamaria, editor, The Greek verb: Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics (Proceedings of the 8th International Meeting on Greek Linguistics), page 160

[7] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “SRAV”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 784: “Idg. *sreṷ (Präs. *sréṷ-e-)”

[Martirosyan-8] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “aṙogem”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 113

[9] Derksen, Rick (2015), “sravėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 424

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