Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gewH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Perhaps connected to the synonymous *ǵʰewH-.

Root

*g⁽ʷ⁾ew(H)-[1][2][3]

  1. to call, name
  2. to invoke, call on
  3. to cry, cry out

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gewH- (7 c, 0 e)
  • *géwH-e-ti (thematic root present)[5]
    • Proto-Germanic: *kewaną (“to cry”)
      • Old Norse: kjá
    • (perhaps) Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáwbati
      • Proto-Iranian: *gáwbati (see there for further descendants)
  • *gowH-éye-ti (causative)[2][4]
    • Proto-Germanic: *kawjaną (“to call, name”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
  • *gowh₂-dʰh₁-y-ónti (denominative)[6]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaustei
      • Lithuanian: gaũsti, gaudžiù (“to make a sound, hum”, 1sg.)
      • Latvian: gaũst, gaūžu (“to wail, lament”, 1sg.)
      • Proto-Slavic: *gǫsti (“to make a sound, hum, sing, weep, play an instrument”)[3] (see there for further descendants)
  • *gow-dʰh₁-us[6]
    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: gaudùs (“sonorous”)
      • Latvian: gàuds (“miserable”)
  • *gowH-oro-s[2]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawaras
      • Latvian: gaura (“chatter”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *gȍvorъ (“talk”)[3] (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷowH-o-s[1][2]
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: γόος (góos, “wailing, weeping, lament”)
  • *guH-mó-s[7]
    • Proto-Germanic: *kūmaz (“thin, weak, frail”)
      • ⇒ Old High German: kūmo (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Old English: cyme
Unsorted formations
  • >? Sanskrit: जोगुवे (jóguve, “to call, invoke”)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 280: “*g⁽ʷ⁾ow(H)-”
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kaujan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 282
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182: “*gow(H)-”
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*geu̯h₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 189
  5. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kewan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 286
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Yamazaki, Yoko (2009), “The Saussure Effect in Lithuanian”, in The Journal of Indo-European Studies‎[3]
  7. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kūma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 310
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