Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gáwbati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

    The origin is uncertain.[1] ESIJa proposes derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry”) with a *-b⁽ʰ⁾- enlargement.[2] For this root see Pokorny, without the Iranian.[3]

    Verb

    *gáwbati[1][2][4][5]

    1. to say (positively/negatively)

    Inflection

    Root thematic present
    Sing. 3rd *gáwbati
    Plur. 3rd *gáwbanti
    Active voice
    Indicative Imperfect Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    Sing. 1st *gáwbaH(mi) *gáwbam — *gáwbaH(ni) *gáwbayam
    2nd *gáwbahi *gáwbah *gáwba *gáwbaHah(i) *gáwbayš
    3rd *gáwbati *gáwbat *gáwbatu *gáwbaHat(i) *gáwbayt
    Dual 1st ? ? — ? ?
    2nd *gáwbaθHah ? *gáwbaθHam ? ?
    3rd *gáwbatah *gáwbatam *gáwbatām *gáwbaHtah ?
    Plur. 1st *gáwbāmah(i) *gáwbāma — *gáwbaHama *gáwbayma
    2nd *gáwbaθHa *gáwbata *gáwbata *gáwbaHθaHa *gáwbayta
    3rd *gáwbanti *gáwbantu *gáwbantu *gáwbaHant(i) *gáwbayant
    Participle *gáwbāh
    Mediopassive voice
    Indicative Imperfect Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    Sing. 1st *gáwbay *gáwbay — *gáwbaHi *gáwbaya
    2nd *gáwbahay *gáwbaha *gáwbahwa *gáwbaHahay *gáwbayša
    3rd *gáwbatay *gáwbata *gáwbatām *gáwbaHatay *gáwbayta
    Dual 1st ? ? — ? ?
    2nd *gáwbayθHay ? ? ? ?
    3rd *gáwbaytay *gáwbaytam ? ? *gáwbayātam
    Plur. 1st *gáwbāmaday *gáwbāmadi — *gáwbaHāmaday *gáwbaymadi
    2nd *gáwbadway *gáwbadwam *gáwbaydwam *gáwbaHadway *gáwbaydwam
    3rd *gáwbantay, *-aray *gáwbanta *gáwbantām *gáwbaHantay, *-aHaram *gáwbayanta
    Participle *gáwbaHnah

    Descendants

    • Northeastern Iranian:
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (gguph-, “to dispraise, abuse”)
      • Sogdo-Bactrian:
        • Bactrian: γοβ- (gob-, “to make a (legal) statement, invoke (the law)”)
        • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ɣwβ(y)-, “to praise oneself, boast, be proud”)
        • Sogdian: [script needed] (ɣwβ-), [script needed] (ɣwb-, “to praise, glorify”)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
      • Baluchi: گوشگ (gwašag, gošag, “to speak, say, tell”)
      • Caspian:
        • Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (-gøt-, gún-, “to speak”)
      • Kurdish:
        Central Kurdish: گوتن (gutin), کوتن (kutin, “to speak”)
        Northern Kurdish: gotin, guhtin (“to speak”)
      • >? Parthian: 𐫃𐫇𐫘𐫀𐫗 (gwsʾn /⁠gōsān⁠/)
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Old Persian: 𐎥𐎢𐎲𐎫𐎡𐎹 (g-u-b-t-i-y /⁠gaubataiy⁠/, “to call oneself”)
        • Middle Persian: [script needed] (to say, speak)
          Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫇𐫏𐫅 (gwyd, 3sg.pres), 𐫃𐫇𐫛𐫤𐫗 (gwptn, inf.)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (YMLLWN-tn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwptn' /⁠guftan⁠/, inf.)
          • Classical Persian:
          • Northern Luri: گوتێ (gotı)
          • → Old Armenian: գովեմ (govem, “to praise”)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*gaub”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 113–114
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 232–234
    3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 403
    4. ^ Bailey, H. W. (1979), Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 86b
    5. ^ Cabolov, R. L. (2001), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 396
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