Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/deyḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *deyḱ- (imperfective)[1][2]

    1. to point out, to show

    Reconstruction notes

    The Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture suggests that the original meaning of the term was "something that is fixed; norm, rule." The notion of "speaking" may have emerged from oral recounts of social customs and laws. The original sense of a "point fixed in place" was perhaps associated with objects from which one may determine their position and therefore gather directions. Moreover, according to the EIEC, this same concept of a "fixed point" developed—in some daughter languages—to describe general areas of land.[3]

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *deyḱ- (66 c, 0 e)
    • *déyḱ-e-ti (thematic root present)
    • *deyḱ-néw- ~ *deyḱ-nú- (full-grade nu-present)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *deiknéumi
    • *dḗyḱ-s-t ~ *déyḱ-s-n̥t (s-aorist)
    • *doyḱ-éye-ti (causative)
      • Proto-Germanic: *taikijaną (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dayćáyati
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dayśáyati
          • Sanskrit: देशयति (deśayati)
    • *diḱ-é-ti
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dićáti
    • *déyḱ-s ~ *diḱ-és
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *díćš ~ *dićás
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *díṭṣ ~ *diśás
      • Proto-Italic: *-diks
    • *deyḱ-ó-s
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dayćás
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dayśás
          • Sanskrit: देश (deśá) (see there for further descendants)
    • *díḱ-eh₂
      • Proto-Hellenic: *díkā
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *díćaH
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *díśaH
          • Sanskrit: दिशा (díśā, “direction”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *déyḱ-mn̥ ~ *diḱ-mén-s
      • Proto-Hellenic: *déikmə
        • Ancient Greek: δεῖγμα (deîgma) (see there for further descendants)
    • *diḱ-tós
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dištás
      • Proto-Italic: *diktos
        • Latin: dictus (see there for further descendants)
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Germanic: *taihwǭ, *taikną (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *digitos
      • Latin: digitus (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Lithuanian: daiktas

    References

    1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *dei̯k̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 108-109
    3. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*deik̂-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 159

    Further reading

    This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.