Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tm̥mos
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative forms
- *-m̥mos[1]
- *-m̥Hos
Etymology
Unknown. Possibly from an original *-m̥mos with an intrusive *-t- from *-teros. Alternatively, Kroonen derives the suffix from *meh₂- (“good; opportune”).[2]
Suffix
- absolute superlative adjectival suffix.
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *-tm̥mos | *-tm̥meh₂ | |
| genitive | *-tm̥mosyo | *-tm̥meh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-tm̥mos | *-tm̥moh₁ | *-tm̥moes |
| vocative | *-tm̥me | *-tm̥moh₁ | *-tm̥moes |
| accusative | *-tm̥mom | *-tm̥moh₁ | *-tm̥moms |
| genitive | *-tm̥mosyo | *? | *-tm̥moHom |
| ablative | *-tm̥mead | *? | *-tm̥momos, *-tm̥mobʰos |
| dative | *-tm̥moey | *? | *-tm̥momos, *-tm̥mobʰos |
| locative | *-tm̥mey, *-tm̥moy | *? | *-tm̥moysu |
| instrumental | *-tm̥moh₁ | *? | *-tm̥mōys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-tm̥meh₂ | *-tm̥meh₂h₁(e) | *-tm̥meh₂es |
| vocative | *-tm̥meh₂ | *-tm̥meh₂h₁(e) | *-tm̥meh₂es |
| accusative | *-tm̥mām | *-tm̥meh₂h₁(e) | *-tm̥meh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *-tm̥meh₂s | *? | *-tm̥meh₂oHom |
| ablative | *-tm̥meh₂s | *? | *-tm̥meh₂mos, *-tm̥meh₂bʰos |
| dative | *-tm̥meh₂ey | *? | *-tm̥meh₂mos, *-tm̥meh₂bʰos |
| locative | *-tm̥meh₂, *-tm̥meh₂i | *? | *-tm̥meh₂su |
| instrumental | *-tm̥meh₂h₁ | *? | *-tm̥meh₂mis, *-tm̥meh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *-tm̥mom | *-tm̥moy(h₁) | *-tm̥meh₂ |
| vocative | *-tm̥mom | *-tm̥moy(h₁) | *-tm̥meh₂ |
| accusative | *-tm̥mom | *-tm̥moy(h₁) | *-tm̥meh₂ |
| genitive | *-tm̥mosyo | *? | *-tm̥moHom |
| ablative | *-tm̥mead | *? | *-tm̥momos, *-tm̥mobʰos |
| dative | *-tm̥moey | *? | *-tm̥momos, *-tm̥mobʰos |
| locative | *-tm̥mey, *-tm̥moy | *? | *-tm̥moysu |
| instrumental | *-tm̥moh₁ | *? | *-tm̥mōys |
Derived terms
Category Proto-Indo-European adjectives suffixed with *-tm̥mos not found
- *-is-tm̥m-o-s, *-is-m̥m-o-s (< *-yōs + *-tm̥mos, perhaps a conflation of *-(t)m̥mos and *-istos)[4][5]
Descendants
- Proto-Celtic: *-tamos
- Proto-Germanic: *-umô (< *-m̥mō < *-m̥mos, see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-təmos
- Ancient Greek: -τᾰτος (-tătos) (contamination from *-istos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tamas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *-temos
- Latin: -timus
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), “Comparison of Adjectives”, in New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § Absolutives in *-(t)m̥mo-., pages 364-366
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*maizan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 350
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 1: Einleitung, Terminologie, Lautgesetze, Adverbialendungen, Nominalsuffixe, Anhänge und Indices, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 214
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), “Comparison of Adjectives”, in New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § Morphological Composites (*-isto-, *-ison-, and the like)., pages 357-358
- ^ de Goede, Tim (2014), de Vaan, Michiel, editors, Derivational Morphology: New Perspectives on the Italo-Celtic Hypothesis (Research master thesis)[2], Leiden University, pages 61-62
- ^ Oryol, Vladimir E. (2000), A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian[3], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 164: “*-(i)sama”
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN