Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-isVmos

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *-is-tm̥mós, from *-yōs (comparative formant) + *-tm̥mos.

    Suffix

    *-isVmos

    1. Forms superlative forms of adjectives.

    Reconstruction notes

    • The reconstruction of the second vowel in this suffix varies quite wildly, ranging from *a (De Vaan), *e (Schrijver,[1] Meiser, etc.), *o (Weiss, Nishimura, etc.), and *u (Zair[2]).
    • Sabellic *-īm- is from a syncope of *-isVmos > *-ismos > *-īmos.[2]

    Declension

    Declension of *-isVmos (o/ā-stem)
    singular masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-isVmos *-isVmā *-isVmom
    vocative *-isVme *-isVma *-isVmom
    accusative *-isVmom *-isVmam *-isVmom
    genitive *-isVmosjo, -isVmī *-isVmās *-isVmosjo, -isVmī
    dative *-isVmōi *-isVmāi *-isVmōi
    ablative *-isVmōd *-isVmād *-isVmōd
    locative *-isVmei *-isVmāi *-isVmei
    plural masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-isVmōs, -isVmoi *-isVmās *-isVmā
    vocative *-isVmōs, -isVmoi *-isVmās *-isVmā
    accusative *-isVmons *-isVmans *-isVmā
    genitive *-isVmom *-isVmāzōm *-isVmom
    dative *-isVmois *-isVmais *-isVmois
    ablative *-isVmois *-isVmais *-isVmois
    locative *-isVmois *-isVmais *-isVmois

    Derived terms

    Proto-Italic terms suffixed with *-isVmos
    Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/welaisVmos

    Descendants

    • Latin: -issimus (see there for further descendants)
    • Oscan: -𐌉𐌌- (-im-) (in e.g. 𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌀𐌔 (nessimas))
    • Umbrian: -im- (in e.g. nesimei)

    References

    1. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 10
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zair, Nicholas (2016), “Vowel weakening in the Sabellic languages as language contact”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 121, number 1, →ISSN, pages 295–316
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