Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵn̥h₃tós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *ǵneh₃- (“to recognise, to know”) +‎ *-tós (deverbal adjectival suffix).

Adjective

*ǵn̥h₃tós^[1]^[2]

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*ǵn̥h₃tós	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂
genitive	*ǵn̥h₃tósyo	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǵn̥h₃tós	*ǵn̥h₃tóh₁	*ǵn̥h₃tóes
vocative	*ǵn̥h₃té	*ǵn̥h₃tóh₁	*ǵn̥h₃tóes
accusative	*ǵn̥h₃tóm	*ǵn̥h₃tóh₁	*ǵn̥h₃tóms
genitive	*ǵn̥h₃tósyo	*?	*ǵn̥h₃tóHom
ablative	*ǵn̥h₃téad	*?	ǵn̥h₃tómos, ǵn̥h₃tóbʰos
dative	*ǵn̥h₃tóey	*?	ǵn̥h₃tómos, ǵn̥h₃tóbʰos
locative	ǵn̥h₃téy, ǵn̥h₃tóy	*?	*ǵn̥h₃tóysu
instrumental	*ǵn̥h₃tóh₁	*?	*ǵn̥h₃tṓys
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂h₁(e)	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂es
vocative	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂h₁(e)	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂es
accusative	*ǵn̥h₃tā́m	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂h₁(e)	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂m̥s
genitive	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂s	*?	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂oHom
ablative	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂s	*?	ǵn̥h₃téh₂mos, ǵn̥h₃téh₂bʰos
dative	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂ey	*?	ǵn̥h₃téh₂mos, ǵn̥h₃téh₂bʰos
locative	ǵn̥h₃téh₂, ǵn̥h₃téh₂i	*?	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂su
instrumental	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂h₁	*?	ǵn̥h₃téh₂mis, ǵn̥h₃téh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǵn̥h₃tóm	*ǵn̥h₃tóy(h₁)	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂
vocative	*ǵn̥h₃tóm	*ǵn̥h₃tóy(h₁)	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂
accusative	*ǵn̥h₃tóm	*ǵn̥h₃tóy(h₁)	*ǵn̥h₃téh₂
genitive	*ǵn̥h₃tósyo	*?	*ǵn̥h₃tóHom
ablative	*ǵn̥h₃téad	*?	ǵn̥h₃tómos, ǵn̥h₃tóbʰos
dative	*ǵn̥h₃tóey	*?	ǵn̥h₃tómos, ǵn̥h₃tóbʰos
locative	ǵn̥h₃téy, ǵn̥h₃tóy	*?	*ǵn̥h₃tóysu
instrumental	*ǵn̥h₃tóh₁	*?	*ǵn̥h₃tṓys

Alternative reconstructions

*ǵneh₃tós^[3]

Descendants

Proto-Celtic: *gnātos (“known, usual”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *gnōtós
- Ancient Greek: γνωτός (gnōtós), γνωστός (gnōstós) (with contamination)
Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: ज्ञात (jñātá) (with full grade to avoid homonymy with जात (jātá, “born”))
- Proto-Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬀 (zaṇta) (as in 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌⸱𐬰𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬀 (paⁱti.zaṇta, “welcome”)^[4])
Proto-Italic: *gnōtos or *gnātos
- Latin: nōtus
  - Italian: noto

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “nōscō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 413-4
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 155
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 127, page 131
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “jñā”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 255-6

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “nōscō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 413-4

[2] Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 155

[3] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 127, page 131

[4] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “jñā”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 255-6

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