जात

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

জাত (Assamese script)
ᬚᬵᬢ (Balinese script)
জাত (Bengali script)
𑰕𑰯𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀚𑀸𑀢 (Brahmi script)
ဇာတ (Burmese script)
જાત (Gujarati script)
ਜਾਤ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌜𑌾𑌤 (Grantha script)
ꦗꦴꦠ (Javanese script)
𑂔𑂰𑂞 (Kaithi script)
ಜಾತ (Kannada script)
ជាត (Khmer script)
ຊາຕ (Lao script)
ജാത (Malayalam script)
ᡯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘕𑘰𑘝 (Modi script)
ᠽᠠᢗᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦵𑧑𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
𑐖𑐵𑐟 (Newa script)
ଜାତ (Odia script)
ꢙꢵꢡ (Saurashtra script)
𑆘𑆳𑆠 (Sharada script)
𑖕𑖯𑖝 (Siddham script)
ජාත (Sinhalese script)
𑩣𑩛𑩫 (Soyombo script)
𑚑𑚭𑚙 (Takri script)
ஜாத (Tamil script)
జాత (Telugu script)
ชาต (Thai script)
ཛཱ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
𑒖𑒰𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
𑨥𑨊𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́aHtás

Sanskrit जात

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́aHtás (“born, begotten”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“begotten, produced”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce; to beget, give birth”) + *-tós (deverbal adjectival suffix). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬙𐬀 (zāta), Latin gnātus, nātus, Old English -cund.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.tɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.t̪ɐ/

Adjective

जा॒त • (jātá) stem

born, produced, begotten, birthed, engendered
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.12.1:
  यो जात एव प्रथमो मनस्वान्देवो देवान्क्रतुना पर्यभूषत् ।
  यस्य शुष्माद्रोदसी अभ्यसेतां नृम्णस्य मह्ना स जनास इन्द्रः ॥
  yo jāta eva prathamo manasvāndevo devānkratunā paryabhūṣat.
  yasya śuṣmādrodasī abhyasetāṃ nṛmṇasya mahnā sa janāsa indraḥ.
  He, the chief God of lofty spirit, who by power and might became the gods’ protector just as he was born,
  Before whose hiss the earth and heavens trembled due to the greatness of his valour, He, O folks, is Indra.
(with dative) destined for
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
happened, manifest, become
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of जा॒त
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जा॒तः (jātáḥ)	जा॒तौ (jātáu) जा॒ता¹ (jātā́¹)	जा॒ताः (jātā́ḥ) जा॒तासः॑¹ (jātā́saḥ¹)
accusative	जा॒तम् (jātám)	जा॒तौ (jātáu) जा॒ता¹ (jātā́¹)	जा॒तान् (jātā́n)
instrumental	जा॒तेन॑ (jāténa)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒तैः (jātáiḥ) जा॒तेभिः॑¹ (jātébhiḥ¹)
dative	जा॒ताय॑ (jātā́ya)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒तेभ्यः॑ (jātébhyaḥ)
ablative	जा॒तात् (jātā́t)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒तेभ्यः॑ (jātébhyaḥ)
genitive	जा॒तस्य॑ (jātásya)	जा॒तयोः॑ (jātáyoḥ)	जा॒ताना॑म् (jātā́nām)
locative	जा॒ते (jāté)	जा॒तयोः॑ (jātáyoḥ)	जा॒तेषु॑ (jātéṣu)
vocative	जात॑ (jā́ta)	जातौ॑ (jā́tau) जाता॑¹ (jā́tā¹)	जाताः॑ (jā́tāḥ) जाता॑सः¹ (jā́tāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of जा॒ता
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जा॒ता (jātā́)	जा॒ते (jāté)	जा॒ताः (jātā́ḥ)
accusative	जा॒ताम् (jātā́m)	जा॒ते (jāté)	जा॒ताः (jātā́ḥ)
instrumental	जा॒तया॑ (jātáyā) जा॒ता¹ (jātā́¹)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒ताभिः॑ (jātā́bhiḥ)
dative	जा॒तायै॑ (jātā́yai)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒ताभ्यः॑ (jātā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	जा॒तायाः॑ (jātā́yāḥ) जा॒तायै॑² (jātā́yai²)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒ताभ्यः॑ (jātā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	जा॒तायाः॑ (jātā́yāḥ) जा॒तायै॑² (jātā́yai²)	जा॒तयोः॑ (jātáyoḥ)	जा॒ताना॑म् (jātā́nām)
locative	जा॒ताया॑म् (jātā́yām)	जा॒तयोः॑ (jātáyoḥ)	जा॒तासु॑ (jātā́su)
vocative	जाते॑ (jā́te)	जाते॑ (jā́te)	जाताः॑ (jā́tāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of जा॒त
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जा॒तम् (jātám)	जा॒ते (jāté)	जा॒तानि॑ (jātā́ni) जा॒ता¹ (jātā́¹)
accusative	जा॒तम् (jātám)	जा॒ते (jāté)	जा॒तानि॑ (jātā́ni) जा॒ता¹ (jātā́¹)
instrumental	जा॒तेन॑ (jāténa)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒तैः (jātáiḥ) जा॒तेभिः॑¹ (jātébhiḥ¹)
dative	जा॒ताय॑ (jātā́ya)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒तेभ्यः॑ (jātébhyaḥ)
ablative	जा॒तात् (jātā́t)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒तेभ्यः॑ (jātébhyaḥ)
genitive	जा॒तस्य॑ (jātásya)	जा॒तयोः॑ (jātáyoḥ)	जा॒ताना॑म् (jātā́nām)
locative	जा॒ते (jāté)	जा॒तयोः॑ (jātáyoḥ)	जा॒तेषु॑ (jātéṣu)
vocative	जात॑ (jā́ta)	जाते॑ (jā́te)	जाता॑नि (jā́tāni) जाता॑¹ (jā́tā¹)

¹Vedic

Noun

जा॒त • (jātá) stem, m or n

child, offspring, son
Synonyms: पुत्र (putrá), सूनु (sūnú)
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
a living being; a man, a creature
birth, origin
race, kind, sort, class, species
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of जा॒त
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जा॒तः (jātáḥ)	जा॒तौ (jātáu) जा॒ता¹ (jātā́¹)	जा॒ताः (jātā́ḥ) जा॒तासः॑¹ (jātā́saḥ¹)
accusative	जा॒तम् (jātám)	जा॒तौ (jātáu) जा॒ता¹ (jātā́¹)	जा॒तान् (jātā́n)
instrumental	जा॒तेन॑ (jāténa)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒तैः (jātáiḥ) जा॒तेभिः॑¹ (jātébhiḥ¹)
dative	जा॒ताय॑ (jātā́ya)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒तेभ्यः॑ (jātébhyaḥ)
ablative	जा॒तात् (jātā́t)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒तेभ्यः॑ (jātébhyaḥ)
genitive	जा॒तस्य॑ (jātásya)	जा॒तयोः॑ (jātáyoḥ)	जा॒ताना॑म् (jātā́nām)
locative	जा॒ते (jāté)	जा॒तयोः॑ (jātáyoḥ)	जा॒तेषु॑ (jātéṣu)
vocative	जात॑ (jā́ta)	जातौ॑ (jā́tau) जाता॑¹ (jā́tā¹)	जाताः॑ (jā́tāḥ) जाता॑सः¹ (jā́tāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of जा॒त
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जा॒तम् (jātám)	जा॒ते (jāté)	जा॒तानि॑ (jātā́ni) जा॒ता¹ (jātā́¹)
accusative	जा॒तम् (jātám)	जा॒ते (jāté)	जा॒तानि॑ (jātā́ni) जा॒ता¹ (jātā́¹)
instrumental	जा॒तेन॑ (jāténa)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒तैः (jātáiḥ) जा॒तेभिः॑¹ (jātébhiḥ¹)
dative	जा॒ताय॑ (jātā́ya)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒तेभ्यः॑ (jātébhyaḥ)
ablative	जा॒तात् (jātā́t)	जा॒ताभ्या॑म् (jātā́bhyām)	जा॒तेभ्यः॑ (jātébhyaḥ)
genitive	जा॒तस्य॑ (jātásya)	जा॒तयोः॑ (jātáyoḥ)	जा॒ताना॑म् (jātā́nām)
locative	जा॒ते (jāté)	जा॒तयोः॑ (jātáyoḥ)	जा॒तेषु॑ (jātéṣu)
vocative	जात॑ (jā́ta)	जाते॑ (jā́te)	जाता॑नि (jā́tāni) जाता॑¹ (jā́tā¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

जातक (jātaka)
- Hindi: जाया (jāyā)

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀢 (jāta)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀬 (jāya)
- ⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀚𑀸𑀢-𑀮𑁆𑀮-𑀓 (*jāta-lla-ka)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀚𑀸𑀬-𑀮𑁆𑀮-𑀅 (*jāya-lla-a)
    - Konkani: जाल्लो (jāllo)
    - Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘰𑘩𑘹𑘽 (jāleṃ)
      - ⇒ Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘰𑘮𑘩𑘹𑘽 (jāhaleṃ)
        Marathi: झाले (j̈hale)
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਜਾਇਆ (jāiā)
Pali: jāta

References

Monier Williams (1899), “जात”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 417, columns 2-3.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jātá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 285