Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/gẓʰar-

This Proto-Indo-Aryan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Aryan

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰer-

Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰar-

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gžʰar-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰer-.

Root

*gẓʰar-

to flow, to stream
to melt, wane, perish

Derived terms

*gẓʰárati
- Sanskrit: क्षरति (kṣarati)
  - → Pali: kharati
  - → Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑀭𑀇 (kharaï)
  - Gujarati: ખરવું (kharvũ)
- Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀛𑀭𑀢𑀺 (*jharati)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀛𑀭𑀇 (jharaï)
    - Marathi: झरणे (j̈harṇe)
    - Konkani: (“to wear off”)
      Devanagari script: झर्चे (j̈harce)
      
      Latin script: jhorche
      
      Kannada script: ಝರ್ಚೆ (j̈harce)
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Hindustani: (“to fall off (said of hair)”)
      Hindi: झड़ना (jhaṛnā)
      
      Urdu: جھڑنا (jharnā)
    - Gujarati: ઝરવું (jharvũ, “to drip, trickle”)
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Bengali: ঝরা (jhora)
*pragẓʰárati
- Pali: paggharati
*udgẓʰárati
- Pali: uggharati
*gẓʰaras (“flowing, melting”)
- Sanskrit: क्षर (kṣara)
- Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀛𑀭 (*jhara)
  - → Sanskrit: झर (jhara)
  - Maharastri Prakrit:
    - Marathi: झरा (j̈harā)
*gẓʰaranam
- Sanskrit: क्षरण (kṣaraṇa)
- Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀛𑀭𑀡 (*jharaṇa, “waterfall”)
  - Bhojpuri:
    Devanagari script: झरना (jharᵊnā)
    
    Kaithi script: 𑂕𑂩𑂢𑂰 (jharnā)
  - Bengali: ঝরনা (jhorona)
  - Hindustani:
    Hindi: झरना (jharnā)
    
    Urdu: جھرنا (jharnā)
  - Odia: ଝରଣା (jharaṇā), ଝରନା (jharanā)

Descendants

Sanskrit: क्षर् (kṣar)
Pali: ghar
Prakrit: 𑀛𑀟𑀇 (jhaḍaï)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
  - Hindustani:
    - Hindi: झड़ना (jhaṛnā), झाड़ना (jhāṛnā), झड़कना (jhaṛaknā)
    - Urdu: جھڑنا (jhaṛnā), جھاڑنا (jhāṛnā), جھڑکنا (jhaṛaknā)
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  - Assamese: জৰা (zora), জাৰা (zara)
  - Bengali: ঝাড়া (jhaṛa)
  - Odia: ଝଡ଼ିବା (jhaṛibā), ଝାଡ଼ିବା (jhāṛibā)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
  - Kumaoni: झड़णो, झाड़णो
  - Nepali: झर्नु (jharnu), झार्नु (jhārnu)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  - Lahnda: جھڑݨ (jhaṛaṇ), جھاڑݨ (jhāṛaṇ)
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਝੜਣਾ (jhaṛṇā), ਝਾੜਣਾ (jhāṛṇā)
    Shahmukhi script: جھڑݨا (jhaṛṇā), جھاڑݨا (jhāṛṇā)
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
  - Marathi: झडणे (jhaḍṇe), झाडणे (jhāḍṇe)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
  - Gujarati: ઝાડવું (jhāḍvũ)