Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tusjō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain, though possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“evil”).

Noun

*tusjō f

a witch, demon

Inflection

Declension of *tusjō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*tusjō	*tusjôz
vocative	*tusjō	*tusjôz
accusative	*tusjǭ	*tusjōz
genitive	*tusjōz	*tusjǫ̂
dative	*tusjōi	*tusjōmaz
instrumental	*tusjō	*tusjōmiz

Derived terms

*hagatusjō (“crafty witch”)
- Proto-West Germanic: *hagatussjā, *hagatusi
  - Old English: hæġtesse, hæġtes, hæġtess, heġtes, hǣts
    - Middle English: hagge, hegge
      - English: hag
  - >? Old Frisian: *hegtesse
  - >? Old Saxon: *hagatussia
  - Old Dutch: *hagatissa
    - Middle Dutch: hagetisse
      - Dutch: hagedis (dialectal)
  - Old High German: hagazussa, hāzasa, hāzessa, hāzisa, hāzissa, hāzisa, hāzusa, hazzesa, hazzisa
    - Middle High German: hecse, hesse, hexse, hegxse, hexe
      - German: Hexe
        → Polish: heksa
      - Luxembourgish: Hex (inheritance uncertain)
      - → Middle Dutch: hexe
        Dutch: heks
        Afrikaans: heks
        → Papiamentu: hèks
        → West Frisian: heks (alternatively through Middle Low German)
      - → Middle Low German: hexe
        Low German: Hex, Hexe
        Plautdietsch: Hakjs
        → Danish: heks
        → Norwegian: heks
        → Saterland Frisian: Häkse
        → Swedish: häxa

Descendants

Old Norse: *tysja
- Norwegian: tysja