Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sparaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *sph₁rós, from *speh₁- (“to succeed, prosper”). Particularly close cognate with Sanskrit स्फिर (sphirá, “fat”), Latin prosperus (“favorable, lucky”).[1] Alternatively, from a Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to rescue, deliver”), and compared with Sanskrit स्पृ (spṛ, “to release, save”).[2]

    Adjective

    *sparaz[1]

    1. sparing, frugal

    Inflection

    Declension of *sparaz (a-stem)
    Strong declension
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *sparaz *sparō *sparą, -atō *sparai *sparôz *sparō
    accusative *sparanǭ *sparǭ *sparą, -atō *sparanz *sparōz *sparō
    genitive *sparas, -is *sparaizōz *sparas, -is *sparaizǫ̂ *sparaizǫ̂ *sparaizǫ̂
    dative *sparammai *sparaizōi *sparammai *sparaimaz *sparaimaz *sparaimaz
    instrumental *sparanō *sparaizō *sparanō *sparaimiz *sparaimiz *sparaimiz
    Weak declension
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *sparô *sparǭ *sparô *sparaniz *sparōniz *sparōnō
    accusative *sparanų *sparōnų *sparô *sparanunz *sparōnunz *sparōnō
    genitive *spariniz *sparōniz *spariniz *sparanǫ̂ *sparōnǫ̂ *sparanǫ̂
    dative *sparini *sparōni *sparini *sparammaz *sparōmaz *sparammaz
    instrumental *sparinē *sparōnē *sparinē *sparammiz *sparōmiz *sparammiz

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Proto-West Germanic: *spar
      • Old English: spær
      • Old Dutch: *spar
      • Old High German: spar (“sparse”)
    • Old Norse: sparr

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*spara-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
    2. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*spar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 351
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