Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sper-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *sper-[1][2]

    1. to scatter, strew

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sper- (9 c, 0 e)
    • *spér-ye-ti (ye-present)[3]
      • Proto-Hellenic: *spéřřō
        • Ancient Greek: σπείρω (speírō, “to sow”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *spór-ey ~ *spr-énti[3]
      • Proto-Anatolian:
        • Hittite: 𒅖𒉺𒀀𒊑 (iš-pa-a-ri /⁠išpāri⁠/, “to spread (out), strew”)[4][5]
    • *spr̥-néw-ti (new-present)[1][6]
      • Proto-Anatolian:
        • Hittite: 𒅖𒉺𒊏𒀭𒈾𒄿 (iš-pa-ra-an-na-i /⁠išparannai⁠/, “to spread, spray, scatter”)[3][4]
    • *spér-mn̥ ~ *spr̥-mén-s[7]
      • Proto-Hellenic: *spérmə
        • Ancient Greek: σπέρμα (spérma, “seed, sowing”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *spor-éh₂
      • Proto-Albanian: *sparā[8]
        • Albanian: farë (“seed”)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *sporā́
        • Ancient Greek: σπορᾱ́ (sporā́, “seed”) (see there for further descendants)
    Unknown formations
    • >? Proto-Italic: *sparg-[9]
      • Latin: spargō (“to scatter, strew”) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3. *sper-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 580
    2. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 500
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 406-407
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Melchert, H. Craig (2011), “Hittite išpar- ‘to spread out’ and išparre/a- ‘to kick’”, in P. Taracha, editor, Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Hittitology‎[1], page 7
    5. ^ Alwin Kloekhorst, Tijmen Pronk, editor (7 October 2019), The Precursors of Proto-Indo-European: The Indo-Anatolian and Indo-Uralic Hypotheses‎[2], Brill, →ISBN, page 107
    6. ^ Alwin Kloekhorst; Erik Mens (2021), “CaR vs. Ca-aR spellings in Hittite”, in Hungarian Assyriological Review‎[3], →DOI, page 247
    7. ^ Thompson, Rupert (12 March 2010), “Mycenaean Greek”, in Bakker, Egbert J., editor, A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language‎[4], Blackwell Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, page 191
    8. ^ Vladimir Orel (14 April 2000), A Concise Historical Grammar of the Albanian Language: Reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎[5], Brill, →ISBN, page 53
    9. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 578
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