Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/heruz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From a Proto-Indo-European *ḱérus or *ḱérh₂us (“pointed stick, arrow, spear, sword”),^[1] possibly from the root *ḱerh₂- (“head; horn”)^[2] or from *(s)ker- (“to cut”).^[3] Cognate with Sanskrit शरु (śáru, “missile, dart, arrow”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxe.ruz/

Noun

*heruz m^[1]^[4]

sword, dagger

Inflection

Declension of *heruz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*heruz	*hiriwiz
vocative	*heru	*hiriwiz
accusative	*herų	*herunz
genitive	*herauz	*hiriwǫ̂
dative	*hiriwi	*herumaz
instrumental	*herū	*herumiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *heru
- Old English: heoru
- Old Saxon: *heru (in compounds)
  - ⇒ Old Saxon: heruband
  - ⇒ Old Saxon: herudrōrag (adjective)
  - ⇒ Old Saxon: herugrimm, herugrim (adjective)
  - ⇒ Old Saxon: herusēl
  - ⇒ Old Saxon: heruthrumm, heruthrum
Proto-Norse: *ᚺᛖᚱᚢᛉ (*heruʀ)
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚺᛡᛖᚱᚢᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᛁᛉ (hᴀeruwulafiʀ /⁠Hearuwulᵃfīʀ⁠/)
- Old Norse: hjǫrr
  - Icelandic: hjör
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (hairus)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*heru-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222
^ Holthausen, Ferdinand (2002), “hairu-s”, in Gotisches etymologisches Wörterbuch: Mit Einschluß der Eigennamen und der gotischen Lehnwörter im Romanischen [Gothic Etymological Dictionary: Including Proper Names and Gothic Loanwords in Romance Languages] (Germanische Bibliothek 4; 8) (in German), 2 edition, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 42
^ Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), “H19. hairus”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 171
^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*xeruz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 171

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*heru-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222

[2] Holthausen, Ferdinand (2002), “hairu-s”, in Gotisches etymologisches Wörterbuch: Mit Einschluß der Eigennamen und der gotischen Lehnwörter im Romanischen [Gothic Etymological Dictionary: Including Proper Names and Gothic Loanwords in Romance Languages] (Germanische Bibliothek 4; 8) (in German), 2 edition, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 42

[3] Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), “H19. hairus”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 171

[4] Vladimir Orel (2003), “*xeruz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 171

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