Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ker-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ker-^[1]

army

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ker- (44 c, 0 e)

*kor-os
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: kãras
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ras-
  - Proto-Iranian: *kā́rah
    - Old Persian: 𐎣𐎠𐎼 (k-a-r /⁠kāra⁠/, “people of war, army”)
      - ⇒ Middle Persian: kʾlwʾn' (/⁠kārawān⁠/) (see there for further descendants)
      - ⇒ Middle Persian: kʾlycʾl (/⁠kārazār⁠/, “battle”)
        Classical Persian: کارزار (kārzār)
*kor-yos
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: karš
  - Lithuanian: kãrias
  - Old Prussian: kargis
- Proto-Celtic: *koryos
  - Old Irish: cuire
    - Irish: cuire
  - Welsh: cordd
- Proto-Germanic: *harjaz (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *kor-yo-nos
  - Proto-Germanic: *harjanaz
    - Old Norse: Herjann
  - Hellenic:
    - Ancient Greek: κοίρανος (koíranos)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*harja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 211

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*harja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 211

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