Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”). Cognate with Latin ferīre (“to beat, strike”), Proto-Slavic *borniti (“to defend”).[1]

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈbɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/

    Verb

    *barjaną[1][2]

    1. to beat, strike

    Inflection

    Conjugation of *barjaną (weak class 1)
    active voice passive voice
    present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *barjō *barjaų — *barjai ?
    2nd singular *barisi *barjais *bari *barjasai *barjaisau
    3rd singular *bariþi *barjai *barjaþau *barjaþai *barjaiþau
    1st dual *barjōs *barjaiw — — —
    2nd dual *barjaþiz *barjaiþiz *barjaþiz — —
    1st plural *barjamaz *barjaim — *barjanþai *barjainþau
    2nd plural *bariþ *barjaiþ *bariþ *barjanþai *barjainþau
    3rd plural *barjanþi *barjain *barjanþau *barjanþai *barjainþau
    past tense indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *baridǭ *baridēdį̄
    2nd singular *baridēz *baridēdīz
    3rd singular *baridē *baridēdī
    1st dual *baridēdū *baridēdīw
    2nd dual *baridēdudiz *baridēdīdiz
    1st plural *baridēdum *baridēdīm
    2nd plural *baridēdud *baridēdīd
    3rd plural *baridēdun *baridēdīn
    present past
    participles *barjandz *baridaz

    Descendants

    • Proto-West Germanic: *barjan
      • Old English: berian (attested as ġebered (ppt))
      • (Old Frisian: ber)
      • Old High German: berjan, perjan, berien, *berren
    • Old Norse: berja

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*barjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53
    2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*barjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
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