|
|
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
Derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”),[1] more specifically via a nasal present *wi-né-d-ti ~ *wi-n-d-énti. The preterite in particular is from the unreduplicated stative *wóyd-e ~ *wid-ḗr.
Verb
*windeti
- to find out
- (in the preterite) to know
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*windū
|
*windemam
|
?
|
*wida
|
| 2nd singular
|
*windesi
|
*windetās
|
?
|
*widas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*windeti
|
*windeto
|
?
|
*wide
|
| 1st plural
|
*windomosi
|
*windemo
|
?
|
*widmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*windetesi
|
*windestē
|
?
|
*wisse
|
| 3rd plural
|
*windonti
|
*windento
|
?
|
*widars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*weitsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*weitsesi
|
?
|
*winde
|
| 3rd singular
|
*weitseti
|
?
|
*windetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*weitsomosi
|
?
|
*windomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*weitsetesi
|
?
|
*windete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*weitsonti
|
?
|
*windontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*windūr
|
—
|
?
|
*widra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*windetar
|
—
|
?
|
*widras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*windetor
|
?
|
?
|
*widre
|
| 1st plural
|
*windommor
|
—
|
?
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*windedwe
|
—
|
?
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*windontor
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*weitsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*weitsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*weitsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*weitsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*weitsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*weitsontor
|
—
|
—
|
Declension of the present participle
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*windonts
|
*windonte
|
*windontes
|
| vocative
|
*windonts
|
*windonte
|
*windontes
|
| accusative
|
*windontam
|
*windonte
|
*windontans
|
| genitive
|
*windantos
|
*?
|
*windantom
|
| dative
|
*windantei
|
*windantbom
|
*windantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*windantī?
|
*windantbim
|
*windantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*windantī
|
*windantī
|
*windantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*windantī
|
*windantī
|
*windantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*windantīm
|
*windantī
|
*windantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*windantyās
|
*?
|
*windantyom
|
| dative
|
*windantyāi
|
*windantyābom
|
*windantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*windantyābim
|
*windantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*windont
|
*?
|
*windonta
|
| vocative
|
*windont
|
*?
|
*windonta
|
| accusative
|
*windont
|
*?
|
*windonta
|
| genitive
|
*windantos
|
*?
|
*windantom
|
| dative
|
*windantei
|
*?
|
*windantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*windantī?
|
*?
|
*windantbis
|
Declension of the middle participle
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*windomnos
|
*windomnou
|
*windomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*windomne
|
*windomnou
|
*windomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*windomnom
|
*windomnou
|
*windomnons
|
| genitive
|
*windomnī
|
*windomnous
|
*windomnom
|
| dative
|
*windomnūi
|
*windomnobom
|
*windomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*windomnū
|
*windomnobim
|
*windomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*windomnā
|
*windomnai
|
*windomnās
|
| vocative
|
*windomnā
|
*windomnai
|
*windomnās
|
| accusative
|
*windomnam
|
*windomnai
|
*windomnans
|
| genitive
|
*windomnās
|
*windomnous
|
*windomnom
|
| dative
|
*windomnai
|
*windomnābom
|
*windomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*windomnābim
|
*windomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*windomnom
|
*windomnou
|
*windomnā
|
| vocative
|
*windomnom
|
*windomnou
|
*windomnā
|
| accusative
|
*windomnom
|
*windomnou
|
*windomnā
|
| genitive
|
*windomnī
|
*windomnous
|
*windomnom
|
| dative
|
*windomnūi
|
*windomnobom
|
*windomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*windomnū
|
*windomnobim
|
*windomnobis
|
Declension of the past participle
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wissos
|
*wissou
|
*wissoi
|
| vocative
|
*wisse
|
*wissou
|
*wissoi
|
| accusative
|
*wissom
|
*wissou
|
*wissons
|
| genitive
|
*wissī
|
*wissous
|
*wissom
|
| dative
|
*wissūi
|
*wissobom
|
*wissobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wissū
|
*wissobim
|
*wissobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wissā
|
*wissai
|
*wissās
|
| vocative
|
*wissā
|
*wissai
|
*wissās
|
| accusative
|
*wissam
|
*wissai
|
*wissans
|
| genitive
|
*wissās
|
*wissous
|
*wissom
|
| dative
|
*wissai
|
*wissābom
|
*wissābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*wissābim
|
*wissābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*wissom
|
*wissou
|
*wissā
|
| vocative
|
*wissom
|
*wissou
|
*wissā
|
| accusative
|
*wissom
|
*wissou
|
*wissā
|
| genitive
|
*wissī
|
*wissous
|
*wissom
|
| dative
|
*wissūi
|
*wissobom
|
*wissobos
|
| instrumental
|
*wissū
|
*wissobim
|
*wissobis
|
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *gwɨbod (finite forms)
- Old Breton: gudbut
- Old Cornish: godbod
- Middle Welsh: gwybot
- Old Irish: ro·finnadar
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*wi-n-d-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 422