Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/winédti
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *weyd- (“to see”) + *-né-.
Verb
*winédti (imperfective)[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
Conjugation
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *winédti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *windénti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *winédmi | *winédm̥ | — | *winédoh₂ | *windyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *winédsi | *winéds | *winéd, *winddʰí | *winédesi | *windyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *winédti | *winédt | *winédtu | *winédeti | *windyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *windwós | *windwé | — | *winédowos | *windih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *windtés | *windtóm | *windtóm | *winédetes | *windih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *windtés | *windtā́m | *windtā́m | *winédetes | *windih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *windmós | *windmé | — | *winédomos | *windih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *windté | *windté | *windté | *winédete | *windih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *windénti | *windént | *windéntu | *winédonti | *windih₁ént |
| Participle | *windónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *windh₂ér | *windh₂é | — | *winédoh₂er | *windih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *windth₂ér | *windth₂é | *windsó | *winédeth₂er | *windih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *windtór, *windór | *windtó, *windó | *? | *winédetor | *windih₁tó, *windih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *windwósdʰh₂ | *windwédʰh₂ | — | *winédowosdʰh₂ | *windih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *windmósdʰh₂ | *windmédʰh₂ | — | *winédomosdʰh₂ | *windih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *winddʰh₂wé | *winddʰh₂wé | *winddʰh₂wé | *winédedʰh₂we | *windih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *windn̥tór, *windrór | *windn̥tó, *windró | *? | *winédontor | *windih₁ró |
| Participle | *windm̥h₁nós | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: գտանեմ (gtanem, “to find, discover, gain, invent”)
- Proto-Celtic: *windeti (“to find out, know”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *winátˢti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: विन्दति (vindáti, “to find, procure, discover, obtain”) (thematicised from weak stem)
- Proto-Iranian:
- Avestan: (“to find”)
- Old Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬍 (vīnastī, 3s. ind.)
- Younger Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌 (vinasti, 3s. ind.)
- Middle Persian: 𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫅𐫏𐫗𐫅 (wyndynd /windēnd/, “to find, obtain”, 3pl.pres.ind.)
- Parthian: 𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫅𐫏𐫅 (wyndyd /windēd/, “to find”, 3sg.pres.ind.)
- Northern Kurdish: -bîn-/-wîn-
- Avestan: (“to find”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
References
- ^ Hamp, Eric P. (1975), “On the Nasal Presents of Armenian”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung[1], volume 89, number 1, →ISSN, page 106: “*ṷi-n-d”
- ^ Rikov, Georgi (1992), “Sonants, Laryngeals and the Indo-European Nasal Infix Presents”, in ORPHEUS. Journal of Indo-European and Thracian Studies[2], number 2, →ISSN, page 94: “*winde/o-”
- ^ Jasanoff, Jay H. (9 August 2022), “Double nasal presents”, in Indo-European Linguistics[3], volume 10, number 1, Brill, , →ISSN, page 89: “*u̯i-n-d-ne/o-”
- ^ Jasanoff, Jay H. (2012), “PIE *u̯eid- ‘Notice’ and the Origin of the Thematic Aorist”, in Løye Hejl, Christina, Janus Bahs Jacquet, Marie Heide, editors, Etymology and the European Lexicon: 14th Fachtagung of the Indogermanische Gesellschaft (Roots of Europe, Language, Culture, and Migrations)[4], Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, page *ui-n(é)-d-
- ^ Kocharov, Petr (2019), Old Armenian nasal verbs : archaisms and innovations[5], Doctoral Thesis, Leiden University, page 16: “PIE *ui-né-d- ‘look for’”
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*u̯ei̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 665-667: “*ṷi-né/n-d-”
- ^ Stifter, David (2023), “The rise of gemination in Celtic”, in Open Research Europe[6], volume 3, number 24, , page 10: “*ui-n(e)-d-”
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*u̯aid²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 409-410: “PIE (pres. stem) *ṷind- 'to find'”
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “VED”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][7] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 579: “*ṷi-ne-d-/*ṷi-n-d- 'finden'”