Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/wárˀnāˀ

This Proto-Balto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Balto-Slavic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *wer-der.

Proto-Indo-European *wor-néh₂

Proto-Balto-Slavic *wárˀnāˀ

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *wor-néh₂, from *wer- (“to burn; be black”), with accent retraction due to Hirt's law. Jasanoff reconstructs *wṓrneh₂ (“belonging to raven, (female) raven-like bird”) as a vṛddhi derivative of *wornós (“raven”) and explains the acute first syllable as regularly resulting from the long vṛddhi vowel.^[1] Cognate with Tocharian B wrauña (“crow”).

Noun

*wárˀnāˀ f^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

crow

Declension

Declension of *wárˀnāˀ (ā-stem, fixed accent)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wárˀnāˀ	*wárˀnāiˀ	*wárˀnās
accusative	*wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾n	*wárˀnāiˀ	*wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾ns
genitive	*wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾s	*wárˀnāu⁽ˀ⁾	*wárˀnōn
locative	*wárˀnāiˀ	*wárˀnāu⁽ˀ⁾	*wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾su
dative	*wárˀnāi	*wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ⁾	*wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mas
instrumental	*wárˀnāˀn	*wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ	*wárˀnā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs
vocative	*wárˀna	*wárˀnāiˀ	*wárˀnās

Related terms

nouns

*warnás m (“raven”)
- *wárnītjas m (“young raven”)

Descendants

East Baltic:
- Latgalian: vuorna
- Latvian: vãrna; vārne (archaic)
- Old Lithuanian: várna
  - Lithuanian: várna
  - Samogitian: varna
West Baltic:
- Old Prussian: warne
Proto-Slavic: *vòrna (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Jasanoff (2017), §3.2.2 page 79
^ EDBIL, page 490‒491: “varna”, “BSl. *wórʔnaʔ”, “PSl. *vòrna”
^ EDSIL, page 528: “*vòrna”, “BSl. *wórʔnaʔ”
^ BSW, page 343: “u̯ārnā-”
^ Jasanoff (2011), “*u̯o̍rnā”