-tudo

From Proto-Italic *tūdō, from Proto-Indo-European *-tu- + *-d- + *-h₃onh₂-. Compare Ancient Greek -σῠ́νη (-sŭ́nē) and -δών (-dṓn). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Origin of -d-?”)

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈtuː.doː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈtuː.do]

-tūdō f (genitive -tūdinis); third declension

1. -itude, -ness; used to form abstract nouns indicating a condition or state.

   Synonyms: -tās, -ia, -itia, -tūs

• When used as a productive suffix, -tūdō is usually attached to the stem of an adjective (or sometimes a participle) to form an abstract noun ending in -itūdō that indicates a condition or state, as in the following examples:

• ‎magnus (“great”) + ‎-tudo → ‎magnitūdō (“greatness”)
• ‎mollis (“soft”) + ‎-tudo → ‎mollitūdō (“softness”)

• A limited number of nouns instead show -tūdō attached to a verb base:

• ‎valeo (“be healthy”) + ‎-tudo → ‎valētūdō (“health”)

• The forms dēsuētūdō, cōnsuētūdō, etc., can be analyzed similarly as ending in -suē- + -tūdō (where -suē- is the abstract root underlying the verb suēscō); alternatively, they can be analyzed as ending in the participle stem -suēt- (as in dēsuētus, cōnsuētus) followed by a variant ending -ūdō, perhaps produced by haplology.

Third-declension noun.

• Gallo-Romance:
  • Old Francoprovençal: -dunna (rare)
    • Franco-Provençal: -dunna in coudunna
  • Old French: -tume
    • French: -tume in coutume, costume, amertume
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: -idõe, -edũe
    • Galician: -edume
    • Portuguese: -idão
  • Old Spanish: -dumne
    • Spanish: -dumbre
• Borrowings:
  • → Italian: -itudine
    • → Romanian: -itudine
  • → Middle French: -itude
    • French: -itude
      • → Franco-Provençal: -ituda
      • → German: -itüde
    • → Middle English: -itude
      • English: -itude
  • → Sicilian: -itùddini
  • → Spanish: -itud