-ZHIIZH

See also: -zhiizh

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *dziˑtsʼ (to dance).

Cognate root found in Ahtna diitsʼ (to dance).

Occurs in Navajo in a number of disparate meanings, of uncertain derivation.

Root

-ZHIIZH

  1. to poke, to jab, to stick

Theme Category Bases Reflexive / Reciprocal (+d)
O + ł successive

S pokes O

Motion:

  • yishíísh (∅-MOM)
  • adzishíísh
  • haishíísh
  • naʼashiish (CONT)
  • yíʼooshish (PROG)

Successive:

  • adishish (iter.)
  • yóshíísh (yíní-, repetitive)
  • yííníishíísh (yíníi-, semelfactive)
  • néinishish (SER)
  • yiyiishish (SEM)

S pokes self / each other

 

  • ádílzhíísh

 

  2. to rise, to increase, to reach a level

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
l motion

S rises

  • dilzhíísh (∅-MOM)
  • haalzhíísh
  • nálzhíísh
  • niilzhíísh (ni-MOM)
  • yilzhish (PROG)

  3. to dance

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
ʼa + l operative-motion

S dances

  • (∅-MOM)
  • eʼelzhíísh
  • adilzhíísh
  • adiilzhíísh
  • hadíʼnílzhíísh (too long)
  • haʼalzhíísh
  • iʼniilzhíísh
  • ńdíʼnílzhíísh (good start)
  • yisdáʼálzhíísh
  • dzidilzhíísh (jidizhni-, “good at”)
  • ílzhíísh (ni-MOM)
  • chʼíʼílzhíísh
  • niʼílzhíísh
  • naʼalzhiish (CONT)
  • oolzhíísh (PROG)
  • alzhish (DUR)

  4. time passes

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
ho + l motion

time passes

Stem set

Aspect Imperfective Perfective Future Iterative Optative
Momentaneous -zhíísh -zhiizh -zhish -zhish -zhíísh
Continuative -zhiish -zhiizh -zhish -zhish -zhiish
Repetitive -zhish -zhiizh -zhish -zhish -zhish
Semelfactive -zhish -zhish -zhish -zhish -zhish

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to poke, to jab:

to increase:

to dance:

time passes:

 

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZHIIZH (poke)

Category:Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZHIIZH (rise)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -ZHIIZH (dance)

References

  • Young, Robert; Morgan, William; Midgette, Sally (1992), Analytical lexicon of Navajo, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, →ISBN, page 776