-TŁAH
Navajo
Etymology 1
From Proto-Athabaskan *tłɑx̣d (“to jump up, to move quickly, to blaze up”).
Cognate root found in Ahtna tlet (“move quickly”).
Occurs in Navajo in bases related to burning, and also in a few bases of disparate meanings in relation with nervosity and heightened feelings, some with unusual prefix compounds, listed below without further grouping.
Root
-TŁAH
1. to burn, to blaze up, to catch fire
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| di + l | adjectival |
S burns, is afire
|
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| di + l | transitional |
S catches fire |
S ignites O, sets fire to O |
2. to be agitated, hysterical, angry
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| l | ? | S gets nervous, jumpy, S palpitates (heart)
|
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| l | ? | S has an heated argument
|
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| l | ? | S jumps at opportunity
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| l | ? | S go to make love
|
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| di + ∅ | transitional | S becomes hysterical
|
Stem set
| Aspect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Iterative | Optative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Momentaneous | -tłáád | -tłah | -tłił | -tłiʼ | -tłáád |
| Neuter | -tłiʼ | — | – | — | — |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Synonyms
to burn:
to be nervous:
to pulsate:
to be angry:
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Possibly cognate with -TŁAH (“to jump up, to burn”) above. Compare with interjection in Ahtna ostla! (“stop it!”).
Root
-TŁAH
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| l | motion |
S stops, halts
|
S stops, halts O
|
Stem set
| Aspect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Iterative | Optative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Momentaneous | -tłáád | -tłah | -tłił | -tłiʼ | -tłáád |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Derived terms
Etymology 3
From Proto-Athabaskan *tłɑɣ̇ (“to rub oil, to grease”). Perhaps related to -TŁÉÉʼ, classificatory root for mushy matter.
Cognate root found in Ahtna ełtlagh (“I'm rubbing it with oil”).
Root
-TŁAH
| Theme | Category | Bases | Passive / Reflexive (+d) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O + ł | conversive |
S lubricates, smears O with grease
|
S is greased
|
Stem set
| Aspect | Imperfective | Perfective | Future | Iterative | Optative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Momentaneous/Conclusive | -tłah | -tłah | -tłah | -tłah | -tłah |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.