πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From πŒΏπƒ- (us-) +β€Ž πŒ±π‚πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°πŒ½ (brikan) +β€Ž -𐌽𐌰𐌽 (-nan); the vocalism reflects a zero-grade form as in the past participle of brikan, *brukans. Possibly a calque of Ancient Greek ἐκκλᾢσθαι (ekklΓ’sthai).[1] De Vaan suggests that the term could be compared to Latin frΕ«niscor which may also show a nasal infix and which belongs to a Proto-Indo-European root *bΚ°ruHg-.[2] However, this is unlikely and only tenable if the general view that usbruknan is related to brikan is abandoned, as the scholarly consensus (e.g. Lehmann, Kroonen and De Vaan himself) instead relates brikan to the root *bΚ°reg-, whence Latin frangō.[3][4][5]

Verb

πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (usbruknan)

  1. to break off, become broken off

Conjugation

Class 4 weak
infinitive πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½
usbruknan
indicative present past present passive
1st singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°
usbrukna 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ°
usbruknōda 		β€”
2nd singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒΉπƒ
usbruknis 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
usbruknōdΔ“s 		β€”
3rd singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒΉπŒΈ
usbrukniΓΎ 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ°
usbruknōda 		β€”
1st dual πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πƒ
usbruknōs 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
usbruknōdΔ“du 		β€”
2nd dual πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ
usbruknats 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
usbruknōdΔ“duts 		β€”
1st plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΌ
usbruknam 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
usbruknōdΔ“dum 		β€”
2nd plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒΉπŒΈ
usbrukniΓΎ 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
usbruknōdΔ“duΓΎ 		β€”
3rd plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
usbruknand 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
usbruknōdΔ“dun 		β€”
subjunctive present past present passive
1st singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏ
usbruknau 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
usbruknōdΔ“djau 		β€”
2nd singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
usbruknais 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
usbruknōdΔ“deis 		β€”
3rd singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉ
usbruknai 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
usbruknōdΔ“di 		β€”
1st dual πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
usbruknaiwa 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
usbruknōdΔ“deiwa 		β€”
2nd dual πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
usbruknaits 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
usbruknōdΔ“deits 		β€”
1st plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
usbruknaima 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
usbruknōdΔ“deima 		β€”
2nd plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
usbruknaiΓΎ 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
usbruknōdΔ“deiΓΎ 		β€”
3rd plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
usbruknaina 		πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
usbruknōdΔ“deina 		β€”
imperative
2nd singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½
usbrukn
3rd singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
usbruknadau
2nd dual πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ
usbruknats
2nd plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒΉπŒΈ
usbrukniΓΎ
3rd plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
usbruknandau
present past
participles πŒΏπƒπŒ±π‚πŒΏπŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
usbruknands 		β€”

References

  1. ^ "usbruknan" in KΓΆbler, Gerhard, Gotisches WΓΆrterbuch (4th edition 2014)
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), β€œfruor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, β†’ISBN, pages 244-245
  3. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), β€œ*brekan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)β€Ž[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, β†’ISBN, page 75
  4. ^ Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), β€œB97. *brikan”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 80
  5. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), β€œfrangō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, β†’ISBN, page 239

Further reading

  • Katz, Richard Moses Jr. (2016) The resultative in Gothic (Doctoral)β€Ž[2], page 95
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 23
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