魘

See also: 魇

魘	U+9B58, 魘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B58

← 魗
[U+9B57]

CJK Unified Ideographs

魙 →
[U+9B59]

Translingual

Han character

魘 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+14, 24 strokes, cangjie input 一大竹戈 (MKHI), four-corner 7121₃, composition ⿸厭鬼)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1463, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45941
Dae Jaweon: page 1997, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4438, character 6
Unihan data for U+9B58

Chinese

trad.		魘
simp.		魇

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (猒) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
猒	qem, qems
懕	*qem
饜	qem, qems
嬮	qem, qems, *qeb
厭	qemʔ, qems, *qeb
黶	*qemʔ
檿	*qemʔ
魘	qemʔ, qeb
厴	*qemʔ
擪	qemʔ, qeb
壓	*qreːb
靨	*qeb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qemʔ, *qeb): phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 鬼 (“devil”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yǎn (yan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): yěn

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ян (i͡an, II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jim² / jip³

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): jin²
Hakka
(Meixian, Guangdong): yam³

(Changting, Changting Pinyin): ying⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): ie³
Northern Min (KCR): mǎ̤
Eastern Min (BUC): iēng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ieng³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iám / iap

(Teochew, Peng'im): iam³
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵i / ⁵ie / ³i / ³ie / ³ien
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
  - Wade–Giles: yen³
  - Yale: yǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: yěn
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): yen³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iẽ¹¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ян (i͡an, II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iæ̃⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jim² / jip³
  - Yale: yím / yip
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim² / jip⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim² / yib³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm³⁵/, /jiːp̚³/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: jin²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /zin³⁵/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yam³
  - Sinological IPA: /iam³¹/
- (Changting)
  - Changting Pinyin: ying⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /iŋ⁵⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ie³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǎ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ieng³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ieng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
  - Tâi-lô: iám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /iam⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iam⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iap
  - Tâi-lô: iap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iab
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /iap̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iam³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iàm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iam²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵i
  - MiniDict: i^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²i
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i³⁴/
- (Northern: Jiading)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ie
  - MiniDict: ie^去
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ɪ³⁴/
- (Northern: Songjiang)
  - Wugniu: ³i
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /i⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou, Changzhou, Tongxiang, Haiyan)
  - Wugniu: ³ie
  - MiniDict: ie^上
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɪ⁵¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɪ⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /iɛ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /iɛ³⁴³/
- (Northern: Hangzhou, Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ³ien
  - MiniDict: ien^上
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /iẽ̞⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /iẽ³³⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: in³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: 'jiemX, 'jiep

Rime
Character	魘	魘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	葉 (155)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於琰切	於葉切
Baxter	'jiemX	'jiep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiᴇm^X/	/ʔiᴇp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiɛm^X/	/ʔiɛp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔjæm^X/	/ʔjæp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiam^X/	/ʔiap̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiɛm^X/	/ʔiɛp̚/
Wang Li	/ĭɛm^X/	/ĭɛp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛm^X/	/ʔi̯ɛp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn	ye
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim²	jip³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qemʔ/, /*qeb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	魘	魘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	14423	14433
Phonetic component	猒	猒
Rime group	談	盍
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	黶	魘
Old Chinese	/*qemʔ/	/*qeb/

Definitions

魘

to have a nightmare; to feel pressure on one's chest during sleep

Compounds

夢魘 / 梦魇 (mèngyǎn)
狐媚魘道 / 狐媚魇道
魘寐 / 魇寐
魘樣 / 魇样
魘禳 / 魇禳
魘魅 / 魇魅
魘魔法 / 魇魔法

References

“魘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “魇”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 276.
周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “魇”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 771.

Japanese

Kanji

魘

(Hyōgai kanji)

To have a nightmare
To make a noise during a nightmare

Readings

Go-on: えん (en)^{←えむ (emu, historical)}、よう (yō)^{←えふ (efu, historical)}
Kan-on: えん (en)^{←えむ (emu, historical)}、よう (yō)^{←えふ (efu, historical)}
Kun: おそわれる (osowareru, 魘われる)^{←おそはれる (osofareru, おそはれる, historical)}、おそう (osou, 魘う)^{←おそふ (osofu, おそふ, historical)}、うなされる (unasareru, 魘される)

Compounds

夢(む)魘(えん) (muen)

Korean

Hanja

魘 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

魘: Hán Nôm readings: yểm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.