食う

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
喰う
喫う (rare)

/kupu/ → */kuwu//kuu/

From Old Japanese.[1] from Proto-Japonic *kup-.

The medial /w/ vanishes because Japanese does not have a /wu/ phoneme. It surfaces though in various conjugations, such as the negative form kuwanai or the passive form kuwareru.

Possibly cognate with (くち) (kuchi, mouth).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 食う
Plain 食う [kúꜜù]
Conjunctive 食って って [kúꜜttè]
Perfective 食った った [kúꜜttà]
Negative 食わない ない [kùwáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 食わなかった なかった [kùwáꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 食えば えば [kúꜜèbà]
Past conditional 食ったら ったら [kúꜜttàrà]
Imperative 食え [kúꜜè]
Volitional 食おう [kùóꜜò]
Desiderative 食いたい いた [kùítáꜜì]
Formal 食います いま [kùímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 食いません いませ [kùímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 食いましょう いましょ [kùímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 食いました いました [kùímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 食い
食いに

いに
[kúꜜì]
[kúꜜì nì]
Negative continuative 食わず
食わずに

ずに
[kùwáꜜzù]
[kùwáꜜzù nì]
Passive 食われる われ [kùwáréꜜrù]
Causative 食わせる
食わす
わせ
[kùwáséꜜrù]
[kùwáꜜsù]
Potential 食える [kùéꜜrù]

Verb

() • (kuuくふ (kufu)?transitive godan (stem () (kui), past ()った (kutta))

  1. to put something in one's mouth
  2. (colloquial) to eat, to devour
    (だれ)でも(ひる)には(めし)()
    Dare de mo hiru ni wa meshi o kuu.
    Everyone eats food at noon.
  3. to make a living, to live; to survive
  4. to tease, to taunt, to make light of, to make fun of; to torment
  5. to bite, to sting (of an insect, usually used in the passive)
    昨晩(さくばん)は、()()われた
    Sakuban wa, ka ni kuwareta.
    I got bitten by a mosquito last night.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "食う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 食わ くわ kuwa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 食い くい kui
Shūshikei ("terminal") 食う くう kuu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 食う くう kuu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 食え くえ kue
Meireikei ("imperative") 食え くえ kue
Key constructions
Passive 食われる くわれる kuwareru
Causative 食わせる
食わす
くわせる
くわす
kuwaseru
kuwasu
Potential 食える くえる kueru
Volitional 食おう くおう kuō
Negative 食わない くわない kuwanai
Negative continuative 食わず くわず kuwazu
Formal 食います くいます kuimasu
Perfective 食った くった kutta
Conjunctive 食って くって kutte
Hypothetical conditional 食えば くえば kueba
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
く(ら)
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 食う – see the following entry.
らう
[verb] (chiefly vulgar) to gobble, to eat
[verb] to get (something undesirable)
[verb] to live
[verb] to get exiled
Alternative spellings
喰らう, 喰う
(This term, 食う, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN