零れる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
こぼ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
溢れる
翻れる

Etymology

From classical verb 零る (koboru).

The kanji spelling is from Chinese (to fall), and is unrelated to (rei, zero).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 零れる
Plain 零れる ぼれ [kòbóréꜜrù]
Conjunctive 零れて れて [kòbóꜜrètè]
Perfective 零れた れた [kòbóꜜrètà]
Negative 零れない ぼれない [kòbóréꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 零れなかった ぼれなかった [kòbóréꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 零れれば ぼれれば [kòbóréꜜrèbà]
Past conditional 零れたら れたら [kòbóꜜrètàrà]
Imperative 零れろ
零れよ
ぼれ
ぼれ
[kòbóréꜜrò]
[kòbóréꜜyò]
Volitional 零れよう ぼれよ [kòbóréyóꜜò]
Desiderative 零れたい ぼれた [kòbórétáꜜì]
Formal 零れます ぼれま [kòbórémáꜜsù]
Formal negative 零れません ぼれませ [kòbórémáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 零れましょう ぼれましょ [kòbórémáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 零れました ぼれました [kòbórémáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 零れ
零れに

れに
[kòbóꜜrè]
[kòbóꜜrè nì]
Negative continuative 零れず
零れずに
ぼれ
ぼれずに
[kòbóréꜜzù]
[kòbóréꜜzù nì]
Passive 零れられる ぼれられ [kòbóréráréꜜrù]
Causative 零れさせる
零れさす
ぼれさせ
ぼれさ
[kòbórésáséꜜrù]
[kòbórésáꜜsù]
Potential 零れられる
零れれる
ぼれられ
ぼれれ
[kòbóréráréꜜrù]
[kòbóréréꜜrù]

Verb

(こぼ)れる • (koboreruintransitive ichidan (stem (こぼ) (kobore), past (こぼ)れた (koboreta))

Japanese verb pair
active 零す
mediopassive 零れる
  1. to spill
    • 1949, Kunio Kishida, Nyonin Katsugō [A Woman's Esteem]:
      ほら、ほら、ご(はん)(つぶ)がぼろぼろこぼれてるわよ。
      Hora, hora, gohan tsubu ga boroboro koboreteru wa yo.
      Oh look now, you’re spilling your rice.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:零れる.
  2. to scatter
    • c. 951953, Gosen Wakashū (book 1, poem 28)
      (むめ)(はな)()ればこぼれぬ()(そて)(にほ)()(うつ)(いへ)づとにせむ
      mume no hana oreba koborenu waga sode ni nioika utsuse iezuto ni sen
      If the plum blossoms are folded, they will crumble and scatter. O fragrant scent [of the blossoms], transfer to my sleeve and let me make you a souvenir for home!
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:零れる.
  3. (of tears) to roll
    • 1908, Shūsei Tokuda, Sarazetai [The New Household]:
      ()からはポロポロと(あつ)(なみだ)(こぼ)れた
      Me kara wa poroporo to atsui namida ga koboreta.
      Hot tears rolled down her cheeks.
    • 1961, “Ue o Muite Arukō [I Look Up as I Walk]”, Rokusuke Ei (lyrics), Hachidai Nakamura (music), performed by Kyū Sakamoto:
      (うえ)()いて(ある)こう (なみだ)こぼれないように...
      ue o muite arukō namida ga koborenai yō ni
      Let’s look up while we walk, so the tears don’t fall down.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:零れる.
  4. to overflow
  5. to escape

Conjugation

Conjugation of "零れる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 零れ こぼれ kobore
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 零れ こぼれ kobore
Shūshikei ("terminal") 零れる こぼれる koboreru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 零れる こぼれる koboreru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 零れれ こぼれれ koborere
Meireikei ("imperative") 零れよ¹
零れろ²
こぼれよ¹
こぼれろ²
koboreyo¹
koborero²
Key constructions
Passive 零れられる こぼれられる koborerareru
Causative 零れさせる
零れさす
こぼれさせる
こぼれさす
koboresaseru
koboresasu
Potential 零れられる
零れれる³
こぼれられる
こぼれれる³
koborerareru
koborereru³
Volitional 零れよう こぼれよう koboreyō
Negative 零れない
零れぬ
零れん
こぼれない
こぼれぬ
こぼれん
koborenai
koborenu
koboren
Negative continuative 零れず こぼれず koborezu
Formal 零れます こぼれます koboremasu
Perfective 零れた こぼれた koboreta
Conjunctive 零れて こぼれて koborete
Hypothetical conditional 零れれば こぼれれば koborereba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:零れる.

Derived terms

  • (こぼ)(うめ) (koboreume)
  • (こぼ)()ちる (koboreochiru)
  • (こぼ)(ざいわ) (koborezaiwai)
  • (こぼ)(ざくら) (koborezakura)
  • (こぼ)(だね) (koboredane)
  • (こぼ)(だま) (koboredama)
  • (こぼ)() (koboreba)
  • (こぼ)(ばなし) (koborebanashi)
  • (こぼ)(まつ)() (kobore matsuba)
  • (こぼ)(もの) (koboremono)
  • ()(こぼ) (ochikobore)
  • ()(こぼ)れる (sakikoboreru)
  • ()(こぼ) (sukobore)
  • ()(こぼ)れる (nikoboreru)
  • (にお)(こぼ)れる (nioikoboreru)
  • ()(こぼ)れる (norikoboreru)
  • ()(こぼ)れる (fukikoboreru)
  • ()(こぼ) (yakobore)

References

  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN