鍼

鍼	U+937C, 鍼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-937C

← 鍻
[U+937B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鍽 →
[U+937D]

Translingual

Han character

鍼 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金戈竹口 (CIHR), four-corner 8315₀, composition ⿰釒咸)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1315, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40667
Dae Jaweon: page 1815, character 33
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4229, character 2
Unihan data for U+937C

Chinese

trad.		鍼
simp.		𰾗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
感	*kɯːmʔ
鱤	*kɯːmʔ
顑	kʰɯːmʔ, ŋɡrɯːms
轗	kʰɯːmʔ, kʰɯːms
撼	*ɡɯːmʔ
憾	*ɡɯːms
喊	qʰaːmʔ, qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘	*krɯːm
瑊	krɯːm, kjum
黬	krɯːm, ŋɡrɯːm
減	krɯːmʔ, ɡrɯːmʔ
羬	ŋɡrɯːm, ɡram
麙	*ŋɡrɯːm
咸	*ɡrɯːm
鹹	*ɡrɯːm
醎	*ɡrɯːm
諴	*ɡrɯːm
椷	*ɡrɯːm
輱	*ɡrɯːm
鍼	ɡam, ɡram, *kjɯm
箴	*kjɯm
葴	*kjɯm
鱵	*kjum

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhēn (zhen¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zam¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
  - Wade–Giles: chên¹
  - Yale: jēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
  - Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zam¹
  - Yale: jām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsyim

Rime
Character	鍼
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職深切
Baxter	tsyim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕim/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cim/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəm/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[k]əm/

(Zhengzhang): /*kjɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鍼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyim ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[k]əm/
English	needle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鍼
Reading #	3/3
No.	13526
Phonetic component	咸
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	斟
Old Chinese	/*kjɯm/

Definitions

鍼

alternative form of 針 / 针 (zhēn, “needle”)

Compounds

南鍼 / 南针 (nánzhēn)
如坐鍼氈 / 如坐针毡 (rúzuòzhēnzhān)
方鍼 / 方针 (fāngzhēn)
玄鍼 / 玄针
砭鍼 / 砭针
行鍼 / 行针
行鍼布線 / 行针布线
行鍼走線 / 行针走线
鍼口 / 针口
鍼灸 / 针灸
鍼灸銅人 / 针灸铜人 (zhēnjiǔ tóng rén)
鍼砭 / 针砭 (zhēnbiān)
鍼芒 / 针芒
鍼芥相投 / 针芥相投
鍼關 / 针关

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qián (qian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kim⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qián
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cián
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien²
  - Yale: chyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
  - Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kim⁴
  - Yale: kìhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kim⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: kim⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiːm²¹/

Middle Chinese: gjem

Rime
Character	鍼
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨淹切
Baxter	gjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjiam/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛm/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kim⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡam/, /*ɡram/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鍼	鍼
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	13523	13525
Phonetic component	咸	咸
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	鍼	箝
Old Chinese	/*ɡam/	/*ɡram/

Definitions

鍼

a surname

Japanese

Kanji

鍼

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Go-on: しん (shin)^{←しん (sin, historical)}^{←しむ (simu, ancient)}
Kan-on: しん (shin)^{←しん (sin, historical)}^{←しむ (simu, ancient)}
Kun: はり (hari, 鍼)、さす (sasu, 鍼す)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鍼
はり Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Extension of and cognate with 針 (hari, “needle used in embroidery”).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はり [háꜜrì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ha̠ɾʲi]

Noun

鍼(はり) • (hari)

a needle used in acupuncture
(by extension) acupuncture

Derived terms

鍼(はり)按(あん)摩(ま) (hari anma)
鍼(はり)医(い) (harī)
鍼(はり)医(い)者(しゃ) (hari isha)
鍼(はり)立(た)て (haritate)
鍼筒(はりづつ) (harizutsu)
鍼(はり)麻(ま)酔(すい) (harimasui)
石鍼(いしばり) (ishibari)
管鍼(くだばり) (kudabari)
披(は)鍼(ばり) (habari)
焼(や)き鍼(ばり) (yakibari), 焼(や)い鍼(ばり) (yaibari)

Proverb

死(し)に馬(うま)に鍼(はり) (shi ni uma ni hari), 死(し)に馬(うま)に鍼(はり)をさす (shi ni uma ni hari o sasu)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鍼
しん Hyōgai
on'yomi

/ɕim/ → /ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/

From Middle Chinese 鍼 (MC tsyim).

Affix

鍼(しん) • (shin)

needle used in acupuncture

Derived terms

鍼(しん)医(い) (shin'i)
鍼灸(しんきゅう) (shinkyū)
鍼形(しんけい) (shinkei)
鍼線(しんせん) (shinsen)
鍼術(しんじゅつ) (shinjutsu)
鍼薬(しんやく) (shin'yaku)
火(か)鍼(しん) (kashin)
管鍼(かんしん) (kanshin)
灸(きゅう)頭鍼(とうしん) (kyūtōshin)
金鍼(きんしん) (kinshin)
銀鍼(ぎんしん) (ginshin)
打(だ)鍼(しん) (dashin)
電気鍼(でんきしん) (denkishin)
鈹(ひ)鍼(しん) (hishin)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“^▲鍼”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

鍼 • (chim, gam) (hangeul 침, 감, revised chim, gam, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, kam, Yale chim, kam)

(침 침): needle (used in acupuncture).

Synonyms

針 (침, chim) needle (used in sewing, etc., i.e., 바늘).

Compounds

鍼術 (침술, chimsul) acupuncture

Okinawan

Kanji

鍼

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Kun: はーい (hāi, 鍼)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鍼
はーい Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Extension of and cognate with 針 (hāi, “needle used in embroidery”).

Pronunciation

(Shuri-Naha) はあい [hàáí] (Heiban - [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [haːi]

Noun

鍼(はーい) (hāi)

needle used in acupuncture

References

^ Okinawan Dictionary Data Collection

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Proverb

Etymology 2

Affix

Derived terms

References

Korean

Hanja

Synonyms

Compounds

Okinawan

Kanji

Readings

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Further reading