迷惑

Chinese

		bewilder; crazy about; fan bewilder; crazy about; fan; enthusiast; lost; confused	confuse
trad. (迷惑)		迷	惑
simp. ^#(迷惑)		迷	惑

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): míhuò

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mai⁴ waak⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mì-fe̍t

(Hailu, HRS): mi fed^ˋ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): be² heh⁷
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bê-hia̍k / bê-he̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: míhuò → míhuo (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˊ ㄏㄨㄛˋ → ㄇㄧˊ ˙ㄏㄨㄛ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: míhuo̊
  - Wade–Giles: mi²-huo⁵
  - Yale: mí-hwo
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mi.huoh
  - Palladius: михо (mixo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi³⁵ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/ → /mi³⁵ xu̯ɔ³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mai⁴ waak⁶
  - Yale: màih waahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mai⁴ waak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: mei⁴ wag⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐi̯²¹ waːk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mì-fe̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: mi^ˇ fed
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mi² fed⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /mi¹¹ fet̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: mi fed^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /mi⁵⁵ fet²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: be² heh⁷ [Phonetic: be⁵ heh⁷]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bá̤-he̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pe¹³⁻¹¹ hɛʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: be² heh⁷ [Phonetic: be⁵ heh⁷]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pe²⁴⁻²¹ hɛʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bê-hia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: bê-hia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: be'hiak
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /be²⁴⁻²² hiak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bê-he̍k
  - Tâi-lô: bê-hi̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: be'hek
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /be¹³⁻²² hiɪk̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /be²³⁻³³ hiɪk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /be²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɪk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /be²⁴⁻²² hiɪk̚⁴/

Adjective

迷惑

confused; confounded

Synonyms

edit

困惑 (kùnhuò)
迷惘 (míwǎng)
迷茫 (mímáng)

Verb

迷惑

to confuse; to delude

Synonyms

淆惑 (xiáohuò) (literary)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
迷	惑
めい Grade: 5	わく Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative forms

(honorific) ご迷惑(めいわく) (gomeiwaku)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 迷惑 (MC mej hwok).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) めーわく [méꜜèwàkù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [me̞ːβ̞a̠kɯ̟]

Adjective

迷(めい)惑(わく) • (meiwaku) -na (adnominal 迷(めい)惑(わく)な (meiwaku na), adverbial 迷(めい)惑(わく)に (meiwaku ni))

annoying, bothersome

Inflection

Inflection of 迷惑
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	迷惑だろ	めいわくだろ	meiwaku daro
Continuative (連用形)	迷惑で	めいわくで	meiwaku de
Terminal (終止形)	迷惑だ	めいわくだ	meiwaku da
Attributive (連体形)	迷惑な	めいわくな	meiwaku na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	迷惑なら	めいわくなら	meiwaku nara
Imperative (命令形)	迷惑であれ	めいわくであれ	meiwaku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	迷惑ではない迷惑じゃない	めいわくではないめいわくじゃない	meiwaku de wa nai meiwaku ja nai
Informal past	迷惑だった	めいわくだった	meiwaku datta
Informal negative past	迷惑ではなかった迷惑じゃなかった	めいわくではなかっためいわくじゃなかった	meiwaku de wa nakatta meiwaku ja nakatta
Formal	迷惑です	めいわくです	meiwaku desu
Formal negative	迷惑ではありません迷惑じゃありません	めいわくではありませんめいわくじゃありません	meiwaku de wa arimasen meiwaku ja arimasen
Formal past	迷惑でした	めいわくでした	meiwaku deshita
Formal negative past	迷惑ではありませんでした迷惑じゃありませんでした	めいわくではありませんでしためいわくじゃありませんでした	meiwaku de wa arimasen deshita meiwaku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	迷惑で	めいわくで	meiwaku de
Conditional	迷惑なら（ば）	めいわくなら（ば）	meiwaku nara (ba)
Provisional	迷惑だったら	めいわくだったら	meiwaku dattara
Volitional	迷惑だろう	めいわくだろう	meiwaku darō
Adverbial	迷惑に	めいわくに	meiwaku ni
Degree	迷惑さ	めいわくさ	meiwakusa

Noun

迷(めい)惑(わく) • (meiwaku)

nuisance, annoyance, bother, inconvenience
迷惑(めいわく)をかける
meiwaku o kakeru
to be a nuisance, to incovenience

Derived terms

迷惑施設(めいわくしせつ) (meiwakushisetsu)
迷惑千万(めいわくせんばん) (meiwakusenban)
迷惑電話(めいわくでんわ) (meiwaku denwa, “nuisance call”)
迷惑(めいわく)メール (meiwaku mēru, “spam email”)

Verb

迷(めい)惑(わく)する • (meiwaku suru) intransitive suru (stem 迷(めい)惑(わく)し (meiwaku shi), past 迷(めい)惑(わく)した (meiwaku shita))

to be troubled, to be annoyed

Conjugation

Conjugation of "迷惑する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	迷惑し	めいわくし	meiwaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	迷惑し	めいわくし	meiwaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	迷惑する	めいわくする	meiwaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	迷惑する	めいわくする	meiwaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	迷惑すれ	めいわくすれ	meiwaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	迷惑せよ¹ 迷惑しろ²	めいわくせよ¹ めいわくしろ²	meiwaku seyo¹ meiwaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	迷惑される	めいわくされる	meiwaku sareru
Causative	迷惑させる迷惑さす	めいわくさせるめいわくさす	meiwaku saseru meiwaku sasu
Potential	迷惑できる	めいわくできる	meiwaku dekiru
Volitional	迷惑しよう	めいわくしよう	meiwaku shiyō
Negative	迷惑しない	めいわくしない	meiwaku shinai
Negative continuative	迷惑せず	めいわくせず	meiwaku sezu
Formal	迷惑します	めいわくします	meiwaku shimasu
Perfective	迷惑した	めいわくした	meiwaku shita
Conjunctive	迷惑して	めいわくして	meiwaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	迷惑すれば	めいわくすれば	meiwaku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“迷惑”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
迷	惑

Noun

迷惑 • (mihok) (hangeul 미혹)

hanja form^? of 미혹 (“delusion”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
迷	惑

Verb

迷惑

chữ Hán form of mê hoặc (“to charm; to enchant; to bewitch”)

Adjective

迷惑

chữ Hán form of mê hoặc (“mesmerizing; entrancing”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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