困惑

Chinese

		distress; sleepy; doze off	confuse
simp. and trad. (困惑)		困	惑

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kùnhuò

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwan³ waak⁶
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kong⁴ heh⁷ / kuong⁴ heh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khùn-he̍k / khùn-hia̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): kung³ hog⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kùnhuò
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kùnhuò
  - Wade–Giles: kʻun⁴-huo⁴
  - Yale: kwùn-hwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuennhuoh
  - Palladius: куньхо (kunʹxo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwan³ waak⁶
  - Yale: kwan waahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwan³ waak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuen³ wag⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐn³³ waːk̚²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kong⁴ heh⁷ [Phonetic: kong¹ heh⁷]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: keo̍ng-he̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ hɛʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kuong⁴ heh⁷ [Phonetic: kuong¹ heh⁷]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuoŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ hɛʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùn-he̍k
  - Tâi-lô: khùn-hi̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quonhek
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɪk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ hiɪk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ hiɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùn-hia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: khùn-hia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quonhiak
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hiak̚²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kung³ hog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khùng ho̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hok̚⁴/

Adjective

困惑

confused; perplexed; bewildered; puzzled

Synonyms

edit

迷惑 (míhuò)
迷惘 (míwǎng)
迷茫 (mímáng)

Noun

困惑

Verb

困惑

to make confused; to confuse; to perplex; to bewilder; to puzzle

Related terms

疑惑 (yíhuò)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
困	惑
こん Grade: 6	わく Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こんわく [kòńwákú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [kõ̞ɰ̃β̞a̠kɯ̟]

Noun

困(こん)惑(わく) • (konwaku)

bemusement, bewilderment

Verb

困(こん)惑(わく)する • (konwaku suru) suru (stem 困(こん)惑(わく)し (konwaku shi), past 困(こん)惑(わく)した (konwaku shita))

to be bemused, to be bewildered

Conjugation

Conjugation of "困惑する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	困惑し	こんわくし	konwaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	困惑し	こんわくし	konwaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	困惑する	こんわくする	konwaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	困惑する	こんわくする	konwaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	困惑すれ	こんわくすれ	konwaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	困惑せよ¹ 困惑しろ²	こんわくせよ¹ こんわくしろ²	konwaku seyo¹ konwaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	困惑される	こんわくされる	konwaku sareru
Causative	困惑させる困惑さす	こんわくさせるこんわくさす	konwaku saseru konwaku sasu
Potential	困惑できる	こんわくできる	konwaku dekiru
Volitional	困惑しよう	こんわくしよう	konwaku shiyō
Negative	困惑しない	こんわくしない	konwaku shinai
Negative continuative	困惑せず	こんわくせず	konwaku sezu
Formal	困惑します	こんわくします	konwaku shimasu
Perfective	困惑した	こんわくした	konwaku shita
Conjunctive	困惑して	こんわくして	konwaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	困惑すれば	こんわくすれば	konwaku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“困惑”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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