虐殺
See also: 虐杀
Chinese
| oppressive; tyrannical | to kill; to murder; to slaughter | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (虐殺) | 虐 | 殺 | |
| simp. (虐杀) | 虐 | 杀 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): joek6 saat3
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lio̍k-sat / gia̍k-sat
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8gniaq-saq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: nüèshā
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄩㄝˋ ㄕㄚ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nyuèsha
- Wade–Giles: nüeh4-sha1
- Yale: nywè-shā
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niuehsha
- Palladius: нюэша (njueša)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ny̯ɛ⁵¹ ʂä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: joek6 saat3
- Yale: yeuhk saat
- Cantonese Pinyin: joek9 saat8
- Guangdong Romanization: yêg6 sad3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jœːk̚² saːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k-sat
- Tâi-lô: lio̍k-sat
- Phofsit Daibuun: liogsad
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴⁻² sat̚⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴⁻³² sat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k-sat
- Tâi-lô: gia̍k-sat
- Phofsit Daibuun: giagsad
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiak̚¹²¹⁻²¹ sat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Wu
Verb
虐殺
- to brutally murder
- 而且又證明著這不但是殺害，簡直是虐殺，因為身體上還有棍棒的傷痕。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1926, Lu Xun, “In Memory of Miss Liu Hezhen”
- Érqiě yòu zhèngmíng zhe zhè bùdàn shì shāhài, jiǎnzhí shì nüèshā, yīnwèi shēntǐ shàng háiyǒu gùnbàng de shānghén. [Pinyin]
- And these also proved that she was not merely murdered, but brutally murdered, for their bodies bore the marks of clubs also.
而且又证明著这不但是杀害，简直是虐杀，因为身体上还有棍棒的伤痕。 [MSC, simp.]
- to cause someone's death by maltreatment; to torture to death
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 虐 | 殺 |
| ぎゃく Grade: S |
さつ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 虐殺 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
Noun
虐殺 • (gyakusatsu)
Derived terms
- 大量虐殺 (tairyō gyakusatsu)
Verb
虐殺する • (gyakusatsu suru) transitive suru (stem 虐殺し (gyakusatsu shi), past 虐殺した (gyakusatsu shita))
- to massacre
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 虐殺し | ぎゃくさつし | gyakusatsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 虐殺し | ぎゃくさつし | gyakusatsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 虐殺する | ぎゃくさつする | gyakusatsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 虐殺する | ぎゃくさつする | gyakusatsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 虐殺すれ | ぎゃくさつすれ | gyakusatsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 虐殺せよ¹ 虐殺しろ² |
ぎゃくさつせよ¹ ぎゃくさつしろ² |
gyakusatsu seyo¹ gyakusatsu shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 虐殺される | ぎゃくさつされる | gyakusatsu sareru |
| Causative | 虐殺させる 虐殺さす |
ぎゃくさつさせる ぎゃくさつさす |
gyakusatsu saseru gyakusatsu sasu |
| Potential | 虐殺できる | ぎゃくさつできる | gyakusatsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 虐殺しよう | ぎゃくさつしよう | gyakusatsu shiyō |
| Negative | 虐殺しない | ぎゃくさつしない | gyakusatsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 虐殺せず | ぎゃくさつせず | gyakusatsu sezu |
| Formal | 虐殺します | ぎゃくさつします | gyakusatsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 虐殺した | ぎゃくさつした | gyakusatsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 虐殺して | ぎゃくさつして | gyakusatsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 虐殺すれば | ぎゃくさつすれば | gyakusatsu sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “虐殺”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 虐 | 殺 |
Noun
虐殺 • (haksal) (hangeul 학살)