證明

See also: 证明 and 証明

Chinese

	certificate; proof; to prove certificate; proof; to prove; to demonstrate; to confirm	clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
trad. (證明/証明)	證/証	明
simp. (证明)	证	明
anagram	明證／明证

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhèngmíng

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing³ ming⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳn-mìn

(Hailu, HRS): zhin^ˇ min
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing⁴ ming²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chèng-bêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêng³ mêng⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsen-min

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngmíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngmíng
  - Wade–Giles: chêng⁴-ming²
  - Yale: jèng-míng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqming
  - Palladius: чжэнмин (čžɛnmin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ miŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    正名
    證明 / 证明
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zing³ ming⁴
  - Yale: jing mìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing³ ming⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing³ ming⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ³³ mɪŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳn-mìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziin min^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zin⁴ min²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn⁵⁵ min¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zhin^ˇ min
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃin¹¹ min⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zing⁴ ming²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ci̍ng-míng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁴² miŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zing⁴ ming² [Phonetic: zing¹ ming²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁴²⁻⁵⁵ miŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèng-bêng
  - Tâi-lô: tsìng-bîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeangbeeng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ biɪŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɪŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêng³ mêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsèng mêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ meŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsen-min
  - MiniDict: tsen^去 min
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsen-min
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sən³³ min⁴⁴/

Noun

證明

(countable, uncountable) proof; evidence (Classifier: 份 m; 個／个 m)
(countable) certificate (document containing a certified statement, evidencing ownership, etc.); testimonial; reference (Classifier: 份 m; 個／个 m)
完稅證明／完税证明 ― wánshuì zhèngmíng ― tax payment certificate

Usage notes

Unlike the English nouns proof and evidence which are usually uncountable, the Chinese nouns 證據／证据 (zhèngjù) and 證明／证明 (zhèngmíng) can be counted.

Synonyms

(proof):

edit

佐證 / 佐证 (zuǒzhèng)
例證 / 例证 (lìzhèng)
信 (literary, or in compounds)
信據 / 信据 (xìnjù) (literary, reliable evidence)
力證 / 力证 (lìzhèng) (strong evidence)
印證 / 印证 (yìnzhèng)
實證 / 实证 (shízhèng) (concrete evidence)
干證 (Hokkien)
憑 / 凭 (píng) (literary, or in compounds)
憑信 / 凭信 (píngxìn)
憑據 / 凭据 (píngjù)
憑條 / 凭条 (Min Nan)
憑證 / 凭证 (píngzhèng)
據 / 据 (literary, or in compounds)
論證 / 论证 (lùnzhèng)
證 / 证 (zhèng)
證供 / 证供 (zhènggōng) (Hong Kong)
證據 / 证据 (zhèngjù)
證見 / 证见 (zhèngjiàn) (literary or dialectal)
鐵證 / 铁证 (tiězhèng) (very strong evidence)

(certificate):

edit

證明信 / 证明信 (zhèngmíngxìn) (as a letter)
證明書 / 证明书 (zhèngmíngshū)
證書 / 证书 (zhèngshū)

Derived terms

不在場證明 / 不在场证明 (bùzàichǎng zhèngmíng)
出生證明 / 出生证明 (chūshēng zhèngmíng)
工作證明 / 工作证明 (gōngzuò zhèngmíng)
權益證明 / 权益证明 (quányì zhèngmíng)
證明人 / 证明人 (zhèngmíngrén)
證明信 / 证明信 (zhèngmíngxìn)
證明價值 / 证明价值 (zhèngmíng jiàzhí)
證明力 / 证明力 (zhèngmínglì)
證明書 / 证明书 (zhèngmíngshū)
證明責任 / 证明责任 (zhèngmíng zérèn)
醫療證明 / 医疗证明 (yīliáo zhèngmíng)
零知識證明 / 零知识证明

Verb

證明

to prove; to demonstrate; to certify
茲證明／兹证明 ― zī zhèngmíng ― it is hereby certified

臨床證明／临床证明 ― línchuáng zhèngmíng ― clinically proven

時間會證明一切。 [MSC, trad.]
时间会证明一切。 [MSC, simp.]
Shíjiān huì zhèngmíng yīqiè. [Pinyin]
Time will tell.
- 2014, “在你耳邊說 [Come Out Your Way]”‎^[1]performed by 周興哲:
  
  事實證明　我太糊塗　但我不怕付出 [MSC, trad.]
  事实证明　我太糊涂　但我不怕付出 [MSC, simp.]
  shìshí zhèngmíng, wǒ tài hútú, dàn wǒ bùpà fùchū [Pinyin]
  The truth shows that I am too foolish, but I am not afraid to put in the effort

Synonyms

edit

佐證 / 佐证 (zuǒzhèng)
印證 / 印证 (yìnzhèng)
對證 / 对证 (duìzhèng)
證 / 证 (zhèng)
證實 / 证实 (zhèngshí)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
證	明
しょう Hyōgai	めい Grade: 2
on'yomi

Noun

證(しょう)明(めい) • (shōmei)

proof; evidence; verification
(mathematics) proof

Derived terms

證明書(しょうめいしょ) (shōmeisho)

Verb

證(しょう)明(めい)する • (shōmei suru) suru (stem 證(しょう)明(めい)し (shōmei shi), past 證(しょう)明(めい)した (shōmei shita))

to prove; to confirm
(mathematics) to prove

Conjugation

Conjugation of "證明する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	證明し	しょうめいし	shōmei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	證明し	しょうめいし	shōmei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	證明する	しょうめいする	shōmei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	證明する	しょうめいする	shōmei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	證明すれ	しょうめいすれ	shōmei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	證明せよ¹ 證明しろ²	しょうめいせよ¹ しょうめいしろ²	shōmei seyo¹ shōmei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	證明される	しょうめいされる	shōmei sareru
Causative	證明させる證明さす	しょうめいさせるしょうめいさす	shōmei saseru shōmei sasu
Potential	證明できる	しょうめいできる	shōmei dekiru
Volitional	證明しよう	しょうめいしよう	shōmei shiyō
Negative	證明しない	しょうめいしない	shōmei shinai
Negative continuative	證明せず	しょうめいせず	shōmei sezu
Formal	證明します	しょうめいします	shōmei shimasu
Perfective	證明した	しょうめいした	shōmei shita
Conjunctive	證明して	しょうめいして	shōmei shite
Hypothetical conditional	證明すれば	しょうめいすれば	shōmei sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
證	明

Noun

證明 • (jeungmyeong) (hangeul 증명)

hanja form^? of 증명 (“proof”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
證	明

Verb

證明

chữ Hán form of chứng minh (“to prove; to demonstrate”)