短命

Chinese

		lack; short	life; fate
simp. and trad. (短命)		短	命

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): duǎnmìng

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄢˇ ㄇㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dyun² meng⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tón-miang

(Hailu, HRS): don^ˊ miang^˖
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): doe³ mia⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): té-miā / tér-miā

(Teochew, Peng'im): do² mian⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: duǎnmìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄢˇ ㄇㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: duǎnmìng
  - Wade–Giles: tuan³-ming⁴
  - Yale: dwǎn-mìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: doanminq
  - Palladius: дуаньмин (duanʹmin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹ miŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dyun² meng⁶
  - Yale: dyún mehng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dyn² meng⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: dün² méng⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyːn³⁵ mɛːŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tón-miang
  - Hakka Romanization System: don^ˋ miang
  - Hagfa Pinyim: don³ miang⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ton³¹ mi̯aŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: don^ˊ miang^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ton²⁴⁻³³ miaŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: doe³ mia⁵ [Phonetic: doe² mia⁵]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dê̤-miā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tø⁴⁵³⁻¹³ mia¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: doe³ mia⁵ [Phonetic: doe² mia⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tø³³²⁻²⁴ mia²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: té-miā
  - Tâi-lô: té-miā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: defmia
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /te⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ miã³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /te⁵³⁻⁴⁴ miã³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /te⁵³⁻⁴⁴ miã²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tér-miā
  - Tâi-lô: tér-miā
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tə⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ miã⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: do² mian⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tó miāⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /to⁵²⁻³⁵ mĩã¹¹/

Middle Chinese: twanX mjaengH

Rime
Character	短	命
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	都管切	眉病切
Baxter	twanX	mjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuɑn^X/	/mˠiæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tʷɑn^X/	/mᵚiaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tuɑn^X/	/miaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/twan^X/	/miajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/tuɑn^X/	/miɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/tuɑn^X/	/mĭɐŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tuɑn^X/	/mi̯ɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	duǎn	mìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dyun²	ming⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤorʔ m-riŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*toːnʔ mreŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	短	命
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	duǎn	mìng
Middle Chinese	‹ twan^X ›	‹ mjæng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁorʔ/	/m-riŋ-s/ (dialect: m-r- > mr-, -iŋ> *-eŋ)
English	short	command (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	短	命
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2480	8275
Phonetic component	豆	令
Rime group	元	耕
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	短	命
Old Chinese	/*toːnʔ/	/*mreŋs/
Notes		令轉註字

Verb

短命

to die young

Synonyms

edit

夭壽 / 夭寿 (yāoshòu)
夭壽死 / 夭寿死 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
夭折
夭逝 (literary)
夭閼 / 夭阏 (yǎo'è)
早夭
早死 (zǎosǐ)

Adjective

短命

short-lived

Synonyms

(Hokkien) 短歲壽／短岁寿

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (短命):

→ Japanese: 短命(たんめい) (tanmei)
→ Korean: 단명(短命) (danmyeong)
→ Vietnamese: đoản mệnh (短命)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
短	命
たん Grade: 3	めい Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [tã̠mːe̞ː]

Adjective

短(たん)命(めい) • (tanmei) -na (adnominal 短(たん)命(めい)な (tanmei na), adverbial 短(たん)命(めい)に (tanmei ni))

short-lived
短命(たんめい)な恋愛(れんあい)ばかりを繰(く)り返(かえ)してしまう
tanmei na ren'ai bakari o kurikaeshite shimau
end up having only a string of short-lived romances

Inflection

Inflection of 短命
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	短命だろ	たんめいだろ	tanmei daro
Continuative (連用形)	短命で	たんめいで	tanmei de
Terminal (終止形)	短命だ	たんめいだ	tanmei da
Attributive (連体形)	短命な	たんめいな	tanmei na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	短命なら	たんめいなら	tanmei nara
Imperative (命令形)	短命であれ	たんめいであれ	tanmei de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	短命ではない短命じゃない	たんめいではないたんめいじゃない	tanmei de wa nai tanmei ja nai
Informal past	短命だった	たんめいだった	tanmei datta
Informal negative past	短命ではなかった短命じゃなかった	たんめいではなかったたんめいじゃなかった	tanmei de wa nakatta tanmei ja nakatta
Formal	短命です	たんめいです	tanmei desu
Formal negative	短命ではありません短命じゃありません	たんめいではありませんたんめいじゃありません	tanmei de wa arimasen tanmei ja arimasen
Formal past	短命でした	たんめいでした	tanmei deshita
Formal negative past	短命ではありませんでした短命じゃありませんでした	たんめいではありませんでしたたんめいじゃありませんでした	tanmei de wa arimasen deshita tanmei ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	短命で	たんめいで	tanmei de
Conditional	短命なら（ば）	たんめいなら（ば）	tanmei nara (ba)
Provisional	短命だったら	たんめいだったら	tanmei dattara
Volitional	短命だろう	たんめいだろう	tanmei darō
Adverbial	短命に	たんめいに	tanmei ni
Degree	短命さ	たんめいさ	tanmeisa

Noun

短(たん)命(めい) • (tanmei)

short life; brief lifespan; transience

Antonyms

長命(ちょうめい) (chōmei, “long life”)
長寿(ちょうじゅ) (chōju, “long life”)

References

“短命”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
短	命

Adjective

短命

chữ Hán form of đoản mệnh (“short-lived”)