夭折

Chinese

		tender; gentle; to die prematurely	tenth (in price); to break; to fold tenth (in price); to break; to fold; to turn; broken (as of rope, stick)
simp. and trad. (夭折)		夭	折

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yāozhé, yǎozhé

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄠㄓㄜˊ, ㄧㄠˇ ㄓㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jiu¹ zit³ / jiu² zit³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yêu-chat
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iau-chiat / iáu-chiat

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yāozhé
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄠㄓㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yaojhé
  - Wade–Giles: yao¹-chê²
  - Yale: yāu-jé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iaujer
  - Palladius: яочжэ (jaočžɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎozhé
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˇ ㄓㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎojhé
  - Wade–Giles: yao³-chê²
  - Yale: yǎu-jé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeaujer
  - Palladius: яочжэ (jaočžɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jiu¹ zit³ / jiu² zit³
  - Yale: yīu jit / yíu jit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jiu¹ dzit⁸ / jiu² dzit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: yiu¹ jid³ / yiu² jid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siːt̚³/, /jiːu̯³⁵ t͡siːt̚³/

Note: jiu1 zit3 - common variant.

Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu-chat
  - Hakka Romanization System: ieu^ˊ zad^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yeu¹ zad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯eu̯²⁴ t͡sat̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yêu-chat
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ieu^ˊ zad^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yeu¹ zad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯eu̯²⁴ t͡sat̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iau-chiat
  - Tâi-lô: iau-tsiat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iauciad
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iau⁴⁴⁻²² t͡siɛt̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iau³³ t͡siɛt̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáu-chiat
  - Tâi-lô: iáu-tsiat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iawciad
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /iau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɛt̚³²/

Verb

夭折

to die young
(figuratively) to come to a premature end; to be short-lived; to be aborted prematurely

Synonyms

(die young):

夭壽 / 夭寿 (yāoshòu)
夭壽死 / 夭寿死 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
夭逝 (literary)
夭閼 / 夭阏 (yǎo'è)
早夭
早死 (zǎosǐ)
短命 (duǎnmìng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
夭	折
よう Hyōgai	せつ Grade: 4
on'yomi	kan'on

Etymology

*/euset/ → /eusetu/ → /joːset͡su/

From Middle Chinese 夭折 (MC 'jewX tsyet, literally “die young + die young”).

First cited to a text from 756 CE.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) よーせつ [yòósétsú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[4]
IPA^(key): [jo̞ːse̞t͡sɨ]

Noun

夭(よう)折(せつ) • (yōsetsu) ^{←えうせつ (eusetu)^?}

[from 756] (literary) a premature death, dying while still young

Synonyms

若(わか)死(じ)に (wakajini)
夭(よう)逝(せい) (yōsei)

Verb

夭(よう)折(せつ)する • (yōsetsu suru) ^{←えうせつ (eusetu)^?}intransitive suru (stem 夭(よう)折(せつ)し (yōsetsu shi), past 夭(よう)折(せつ)した (yōsetsu shita))

[from 756] (literary) to die prematurely, to die while still young

Conjugation

Conjugation of "夭折する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	夭折し	ようせつし	yōsetsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	夭折し	ようせつし	yōsetsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	夭折する	ようせつする	yōsetsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	夭折する	ようせつする	yōsetsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	夭折すれ	ようせつすれ	yōsetsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	夭折せよ¹ 夭折しろ²	ようせつせよ¹ ようせつしろ²	yōsetsu seyo¹ yōsetsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	夭折される	ようせつされる	yōsetsu sareru
Causative	夭折させる夭折さす	ようせつさせるようせつさす	yōsetsu saseru yōsetsu sasu
Potential	夭折できる	ようせつできる	yōsetsu dekiru
Volitional	夭折しよう	ようせつしよう	yōsetsu shiyō
Negative	夭折しない	ようせつしない	yōsetsu shinai
Negative continuative	夭折せず	ようせつせず	yōsetsu sezu
Formal	夭折します	ようせつします	yōsetsu shimasu
Perfective	夭折した	ようせつした	yōsetsu shita
Conjunctive	夭折して	ようせつして	yōsetsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	夭折すれば	ようせつすれば	yōsetsu sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“^▲夭折”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
夭	折

Noun

夭折 • (yojeol) (hangeul 요절)

hanja form^? of 요절 (“premature death”)