夭逝
Chinese
| tender; gentle; to die prematurely | depart; die | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (夭逝) | 夭 | 逝 | |
| simp. #(夭逝) | 夭 | 逝 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yāoshì
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ ㄕˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yaoshìh
- Wade–Giles: yao1-shih4
- Yale: yāu-shr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iaushyh
- Palladius: яоши (jaoši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yǎoshì
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˇ ㄕˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǎoshìh
- Wade–Giles: yao3-shih4
- Yale: yǎu-shr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeaushyh
- Palladius: яоши (jaoši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jiu2 sai6 / jiu1 sai6
- Yale: yíu saih / yīu saih
- Cantonese Pinyin: jiu2 sai6 / jiu1 sai6
- Guangdong Romanization: yiu2 sei6 / yiu1 sei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiːu̯³⁵ sɐi̯²²/, /jiːu̯⁵⁵ sɐi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Note: jiu1 sai6 - common variant.
Verb
夭逝
- (literary) to die young
- (literary, figuratively) to come to a premature end; to be short-lived; to be aborted prematurely
Synonyms
- (to die young):
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 夭 | 逝 |
| よう Hyōgai |
せい Grade: S |
| on'yomi | kan'on |
Etymology
Ultimately from Chinese 夭逝 (literally “die young + die, pass away”), possibly as a learned borrowing from Chinese. Likely used as a slight orthographic variant of more-common and older synonym 夭折 (yōsetsu), adding the 辶 (chuò) element to the 折 character. Listed in some dictionaries as a synonym for 夭折 (yōsetsu) with more Chinese overtones.[1]
First cited to 1935, compared to a first attestation of 756 CE for 夭折 (yōsetsu).[2]
Pronunciation
Noun
Verb
夭逝する • (yōsei suru) ←えうせい (eusei)?intransitive suru (stem 夭逝し (yōsei shi), past 夭逝した (yōsei shita))
- [from 1935] to die prematurely, to die while still young
- Synonym: 夭折 (yōsetsu)
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 夭逝し | ようせいし | yōsei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 夭逝し | ようせいし | yōsei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 夭逝する | ようせいする | yōsei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 夭逝する | ようせいする | yōsei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 夭逝すれ | ようせいすれ | yōsei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 夭逝せよ¹ 夭逝しろ² |
ようせいせよ¹ ようせいしろ² |
yōsei seyo¹ yōsei shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 夭逝される | ようせいされる | yōsei sareru |
| Causative | 夭逝させる 夭逝さす |
ようせいさせる ようせいさす |
yōsei saseru yōsei sasu |
| Potential | 夭逝できる | ようせいできる | yōsei dekiru |
| Volitional | 夭逝しよう | ようせいしよう | yōsei shiyō |
| Negative | 夭逝しない | ようせいしない | yōsei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 夭逝せず | ようせいせず | yōsei sezu |
| Formal | 夭逝します | ようせいします | yōsei shimasu |
| Perfective | 夭逝した | ようせいした | yōsei shita |
| Conjunctive | 夭逝して | ようせいして | yōsei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 夭逝すれば | ようせいすれば | yōsei sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “▲夭逝”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 夭 | 逝 |
Noun
夭逝 • (yoseo) (hangeul 요서)
- hanja form? of 요서