白土

Chinese

		white; empty; blank white; empty; blank; bright; clear; plain; pure; gratuitous	earth; dust; rural earth; dust; rural; uncouth; uncultured; plebeian
simp. and trad. (白土)		白	土
anagram		土白

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): báitǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˊ ㄊㄨˇ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pe̍h-thô͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: báitǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄊㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: báitǔ
  - Wade–Giles: pai²-tʻu³
  - Yale: bái-tǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bairtuu
  - Palladius: байту (bajtu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍h-thô͘
  - Tâi-lô: pe̍h-thôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: peqtoo
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰɔ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² tʰɔ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pe(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰɔ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ tʰɔ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰɔ²³/

Noun

白土

(literary) chalk (the stone)
- 令人各以白土，書「甲子」二字於家中大門上。 [MSC, trad.]
  令人各以白土，书「甲子」二字于家中大门上。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: c. 1330 - 1400: Luo Guanzhong, Romance of the Three Kingdoms/Chapter 1
  Lìng rén gè yǐ báitǔ, shū “jiǎzǐ” èr zì yú jiā zhōng dàmén shàng. [Pinyin]
  He ordered (his followers) to use chalk to write "a new beginning" on the outer doors of their homes.
(archaic) white potter's clay; kaolin; china clay
(archaic) opium
(archaic) Alternative name for 冀州 (Jìzhōu, “Ji Province (one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China)”).

Synonyms

(chalk):

白善 (báishàn) (literary)
白善塗 / 白善涂 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
白土子 (báitǔzi) (regional)
白土粉 (báitǔfěn) (regional)
白堊 / 白垩 (bái'è)
白埴土 (báizhítǔ) (literary)
白墠 / 白𫮃 (báishàn) (literary)
白墡 (báishàn) (literary)

(white potter's clay):

瓷土 (cítǔ)
瓷塗 / 瓷涂 (Hokkien)
結石泥 / 结石泥 (Hakka)
陶土 (táotǔ)
高嶺土 / 高岭土 (gāolǐngtǔ)

(opium):

Dialectal synonyms of 鴉片 (“opium”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		阿芙蓉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鴉片, 阿片
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	鴉片
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	鴉片
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	大煙
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	大煙
	Wanrong	洋煙
	Xi'an	大煙
	Xining	鴉片煙, 洋煙
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	大煙, 洋煙
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	鴉片煙
Southwestern Mandarin	Guiyang	鴉片煙, 大煙
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	大煙
Cantonese	Guangzhou	大煙, 福壽膏, 黑米
Cantonese	Hong Kong	鴉片, 大煙, 福壽膏
Gan	Nanchang	鴉片煙
Gan	Pengze	鴉片
Hakka	Xingning	土哩
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	鴉片, 鴉片煙
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	鴉片, 鴉片煙
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	鴉片, 鴉片煙
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	鴉片, 鴉片煙
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	鴉片, 鴉片薰
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	鴉片, 鴉片薰
Huizhou	Jixi	烏煙
Jin	Taiyuan	洋煙
Jin	Xinzhou	洋煙
Northern Min	Jian'ou	鴉片, 鴉片泥
Southern Min	Xiamen	烏薰
	Quanzhou	烏薰
	Jinjiang	烏薰
	Zhangzhou	烏薰
	Tainan	鴉片
	Penang (Hokkien)	鴉片
	Singapore (Hokkien)	烏塗, 薰塗
	Manila (Hokkien)	烏薰, 鴉片
Puxian Min	Putian	鴉片
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	烏薰
	Xianyou	鴉片
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	鴉片煙
Wu	Shanghai	鴉片, 阿芙蓉, 黑佬
	Shanghai (Chongming)	大煙
	Suzhou	鴉片煙
	Wenzhou	烏煙

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
白	土
はく Grade: 1	ど Grade: 1
kan'on	kan'yōon

Possibly from Middle Chinese 白土 (MC baek thuX|duX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はくど [háꜜkùdò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ha̠kɯ̟do̞]

Noun

白(はく)土(ど) • (hakudo)

white soil or earth
a weathered white rock, such as rhyolite, used for paints, cement mixtures, etc.
short for 酸性白土 (sansei hakudo): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

活性(かっせい)白(はく)土(ど) (kassei hakudo)
酸性(さんせい)白(はく)土(ど) (sansei hakudo)
パイプ白(はく)土(ど) (paipu hakudo)

Proper noun

白(はく)土(ど) • (Hakudo)

a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
白	土
しら Grade: 1	つち Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (c. 739 CE).

Compound of 白 (shira, “white”) +‎ 土 (tsuchi, “earth, soil”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しらつち [shìrátsúchí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕiɾa̠t͡sɨt͡ɕi]

Noun

白(しら)土(つち) • (shiratsuchi)

white soil or earth, such as chalk
kaolin or other clay used for pottery or ceramics
white lacquer

Synonyms

(white soil, white lacquer): 白(はく)亜(あ), 白(はく)堊(あ) (hakua)
(pottery clay): 陶土(とうど) (tōdo)

Proper noun

白(しら)土(つち) • (Shiratsuchi)

a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
白	土
しろ Grade: 1	つち Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) +‎ 土 (tsuchi, “earth, soil”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しろつち [shìrótsúchí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕiɾo̞t͡sɨt͡ɕi]

Noun

白(しろ)土(つち) • (shirotsuchi)

Same as しらつち (shiratsuchi) above

Proper noun

白(しろ)土(つち) • (Shirotsuchi)

a surname

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
白	土
しら Grade: 1	に Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Compound of 白 (shira, “white”) +‎ 土 (ni, “earth”).

Also used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as 借訓 (shakkun) kana for ⟨sirani⟩, as in the phrase 知らに (shirani, “did not know”).

Alternative forms

白粉

Noun

白(しら)土(に) • (shirani)

white soil used as a pigment

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN