洞
| ||||||||
| ||||||||
Translingual
Han character
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
洞 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水月一口 (EBMR), four-corner 37120, composition ⿰氵同)
Derived characters
- 霘, 𪔦, 𢞉
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 620, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17386
- Dae Jaweon: page 1016, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1607, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6D1E
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
洞 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 洞 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 鮦 | *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ |
| 侗 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 恫 | *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 痌 | *tʰoːŋ |
| 同 | *doːŋ |
| 仝 | *zlon, *doːŋ |
| 銅 | *doːŋ |
| 桐 | *doːŋ |
| 峒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 硐 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 筒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 洞 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 烔 | *doːŋ |
| 挏 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 酮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 鲖 | |
| 眮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 衕 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 哃 | *doːŋ |
| 絧 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 姛 | *doːŋʔ |
| 詷 | *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 胴 | *doːŋs |
| 駧 | *doːŋs |
| 迵 | *doːŋs |
| 戙 | *doːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doːŋ, *doːŋs): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).
Etymology
- “hole; cavity” > “penetrating; thorough; zero”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dwa(ː)ŋ (“hole; orifice; cave; pit; well”). Cognate with Burmese တွင်း (twang:), Tibetan དོང (dong, “deep hole; pit”) and Jingpho kha-thung (“well, pit”).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): tung5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): dung3
- Northern Min (KCR): dō̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): dâe̤ng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dang5 / dorng5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6don
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong4 / dong5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: dòng
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
- Wade–Giles: tung4
- Yale: dùng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
- Palladius: дун (dun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: dong4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dung
- Sinological IPA (key): /toŋ²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dung6 / dung6-2
- Yale: duhng / dúng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dung6 / dung6-2
- Guangdong Romanization: dung6 / dung6-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊŋ²²/, /tʊŋ²²⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: uung5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɵŋ³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thung
- Hakka Romanization System: tung
- Hagfa Pinyim: tung4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: tung˖
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ³³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: tung4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰʊŋ⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dō̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dang5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dāng
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dang5
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ²¹/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dō̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒŋ²¹/
- (Putian, Jiangkou)
Note:
- dang5 - vernacular;
- dorng5 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōng
- Tâi-lô: tōng
- Phofsit Daibuun: dong
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāng
- Tâi-lô: tāng
- Phofsit Daibuun: dang
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /taŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- tōng - literary;
- tāng - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dang7 / tong7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tāng / thōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ¹¹/, /tʰoŋ¹¹/
Note:
- dang7 - vernacular;
- tong7 - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: duwngH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋs/
Definitions
洞
- hole; cavity; cave
- (literary, or in compounds) thorough; penetrating
- the numeral zero (used in radio communications in aviation and by the military)
- dong, a submunicipal administrative division in North and South Korea
Synonyms
- (hole):
Dialectal synonyms of 孔 (“hole”) [map]
- (zero):
Dialectal synonyms of 零 (“zero”) [map]
Compounds
- 三洞
- 上洞人
- 九曲洞
- 仙洞
- 八洞
- 函洞 (hándòng)
- 別有洞天 / 别有洞天 (biéyǒudòngtiān)
- 勿里洞島
- 千佛洞
- 地洞 (dìdòng)
- 坑洞 (kēngdòng)
- 塞狗洞
- 大洞果
- 山洞 (shāndòng)
- 山頂洞人 / 山顶洞人 (Shāndǐngdòngrén)
- 岩洞 (yándòng)
- 拖牢洞
- 挖洞
- 掘洞
- 晶洞 (jīngdòng)
- 曹洞宗
- 月洞
- 月洞門 / 月洞门
- 橋洞 / 桥洞 (qiáodòng)
- 水簾洞 / 水帘洞
- 法律漏洞
- 洞中肯綮
- 洞仙 (dòngxiān)
- 洞兒 / 洞儿
- 洞壑
- 洞天 (dòngtiān)
- 洞天福地
- 洞如觀火 / 洞如观火 (dòngrúguānhuǒ)
- 洞宮 / 洞宫
- 洞家
- 洞察 (dòngchá)
- 洞察其奸
- 洞察機先 / 洞察机先
- 洞居
- 洞府
- 洞庭 (dòngtíng)
- 洞庭湖 (Dòngtíng Hú)
- 洞徹 / 洞彻
- 洞悉 (dòngxī)
- 洞悉明白
- 洞悉真相
- 洞戶 / 洞户
- 洞房 (dòngfáng)
- 洞房花燭 / 洞房花烛
- 洞明
- 洞曉 / 洞晓
- 洞氣 / 洞气
- 洞洞
- 洞然
- 洞燭 / 洞烛
- 洞燭入微 / 洞烛入微
- 洞燭其奸
- 洞燭姦邪 / 洞烛奸邪
- 洞燭機先 / 洞烛机先
- 洞穴 (dòngxué)
- 洞穿
- 洞窟 (dòngkū)
- 洞窟美術 / 洞窟美术
- 洞簫 / 洞箫 (dòngxiāo)
- 洞若觀火 / 洞若观火 (dòngruòguānhuǒ)
- 洞螈 (dòngyuán)
- 洞見 / 洞见 (dòngjiàn)
- 洞見癥結 / 洞见症结
- 洞貫 / 洞贯
- 洞達 / 洞达
- 洞鑒 / 洞鉴
- 洞鑒古今 / 洞鉴古今
- 洞門 / 洞门
- 洞開 / 洞开 (dòngkāi)
- 涵洞 (hándòng)
- 漏洞 (lòudòng)
- 漏洞百出 (lòudòngbǎichū)
- 潘洞
- 潮音洞
- 炕洞
- 無底洞 / 无底洞 (wúdǐdòng)
- 狗洞
- 甕洞兒 / 瓮洞儿
- 白洞 (báidòng)
- 白鹿洞
- 石洞 (shídòng)
- 石灰岩洞
- 破洞 (pòdòng)
- 福地洞天
- 空洞 (kōngdòng)
- 空空洞洞
- 窗洞 (chuāngdòng)
- 窯洞 / 窑洞 (yáodòng)
- 花兒洞子 / 花儿洞子
- 花燭洞房 / 花烛洞房
- 芭蕉洞 (bājiāodòng)
- 通幽洞微
- 連闥洞房 / 连闼洞房
- 鐘乳洞 / 钟乳洞
- 鑽天打洞 / 钻天打洞
- 鑽狗洞 / 钻狗洞
- 門洞 / 门洞
- 防空洞 (fángkōngdòng)
- 風洞 / 风洞 (fēngdòng)
- 鬧洞房 / 闹洞房 (nào dòngfáng)
- 鬼窟洞
- 黃金洞 / 黄金洞 (Huángjīndòng)
- 黑洞 (hēidòng)
- 黑洞洞 (hēidòngdòng)
- 龍洞 / 龙洞
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
- Wade–Giles: tʻung2
- Yale: túng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
- Palladius: тун (tun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tung4
- Yale: tùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tung4
- Guangdong Romanization: tung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: duwng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/
Definitions
洞
References
- “洞”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “洞”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 279.
Japanese
Kanji
洞
Readings
- Go-on: ずう (zū)
- Kan-on: とう (tō)
- Kan’yō-on: どう (dō, Jōyō)
- Kun: うつろ (utsuro, 洞)、うつろ (utsuro, 洞ろ)、ふかい (fukai)、ほがらか (hogaraka)、ほら (hora, 洞, Jōyō)、みぬく (minuku)
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 洞 |
| うつろ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 洞 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 洞, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 洞 |
| ほら Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
洞 • (hora)
References
- “洞”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 洞 (MC duwngH).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 또ᇰ〮 (Yale: ttwóng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 동 (twong)訓 (Yale: twong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [동(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
- hanja form? of 동 (“hole; cavity; cave”)
- hanja form? of 동 (“dong, a submunicipal administrative division in North and South Korea”)
Compounds
Etymology 2
From a corrupted or unorthodox reading.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tʰo̞(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [통(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
洞 (eumhun 밝을 통 (balgeul tong))
- hanja form? of 통 (“bright; thorough; penetrating”)
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
Han character
洞: Hán Nôm readings: đọng, động, đùng, dộng, dọng, đỗng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.