歪曲
Chinese
| askew | tune; song; bent tune; song; bent; crooked; wrong | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (歪曲) |
歪 | 曲 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): waai1 kuk1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vâi-khiuk
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oai-khiok
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wāiqū
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄞ ㄑㄩ
- Tongyong Pinyin: waicyu
- Wade–Giles: wai1-chʻü1
- Yale: wāi-chyū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uaichiu
- Palladius: вайцюй (vajcjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /waɪ̯⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: waai1 kuk1
- Yale: wāai kūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: waai1 kuk7
- Guangdong Romanization: wai1 kug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /waːi̯⁵⁵ kʰʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vâi-khiuk
- Hakka Romanization System: vaiˊ kiugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: vai1 kiug5
- Sinological IPA: /vai̯²⁴ kʰi̯uk̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oai-khiok
- Tâi-lô: uai-khiok
- Phofsit Daibuun: oai'qiog
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /uai⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɔk̚³²/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /uai³³ kʰiɔk̚⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /uai⁴⁴⁻²² kʰiɔk̚³²/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /uai⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰiɔk̚³²/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /uai⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰiɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
歪曲
- to misrepresent; to twist; to distort
Synonyms
- 曲解 (qūjiě)
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 歪 | 曲 |
| わい Hyōgai |
きょく Grade: 3 |
| kan'on | |
Noun
歪曲 • (waikyoku)
- falsification or distortion of the truth
Verb
歪曲する • (waikyoku suru) transitive suru (stem 歪曲し (waikyoku shi), past 歪曲した (waikyoku shita))
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 歪曲し | わいきょくし | waikyoku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 歪曲し | わいきょくし | waikyoku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 歪曲する | わいきょくする | waikyoku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 歪曲する | わいきょくする | waikyoku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 歪曲すれ | わいきょくすれ | waikyoku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 歪曲せよ¹ 歪曲しろ² |
わいきょくせよ¹ わいきょくしろ² |
waikyoku seyo¹ waikyoku shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 歪曲される | わいきょくされる | waikyoku sareru |
| Causative | 歪曲させる 歪曲さす |
わいきょくさせる わいきょくさす |
waikyoku saseru waikyoku sasu |
| Potential | 歪曲できる | わいきょくできる | waikyoku dekiru |
| Volitional | 歪曲しよう | わいきょくしよう | waikyoku shiyō |
| Negative | 歪曲しない | わいきょくしない | waikyoku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 歪曲せず | わいきょくせず | waikyoku sezu |
| Formal | 歪曲します | わいきょくします | waikyoku shimasu |
| Perfective | 歪曲した | わいきょくした | waikyoku shita |
| Conjunctive | 歪曲して | わいきょくして | waikyoku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 歪曲すれば | わいきょくすれば | waikyoku sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- “▲歪曲”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 歪 | 曲 |
Noun
歪曲 • (waegok) (hangeul 왜곡)
- hanja form? of 왜곡 (“distortion; falsification”)