敬畏

Chinese

	to respect; to venerate; to salute to respect; to venerate; to salute; to offer	to fear
trad. (敬畏)	敬	畏
simp. ^#(敬畏)	敬	畏
anagram	畏敬

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìngwèi

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³ wai³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kin-vi
Eastern Min (BUC): géng-ói
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kèng-ùi / kèng-ùiⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng³ uin³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìngwèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìngwèi
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴-wei⁴
  - Yale: jìng-wèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinqwey
  - Palladius: цзинвэй (czinvɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging³ wai³
  - Yale: ging wai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging³ wai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging³ wei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³ wɐi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kin-vi
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin vi
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin⁴ vi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kin⁵⁵ vi⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: géng-ói
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^(Ø-)ŋui²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng-ùi
  - Tâi-lô: kìng-uì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keang'uix
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ui²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ui¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ui⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ui²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng-ùiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kìng-uìnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: keang'vuix
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ uĩ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng³ uin³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèng ùiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ũĩ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: kjaengH 'jw+jH

Rime
Character	敬	畏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居慶切	於胃切
Baxter	kjaengH	'jw+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ^H/	/ʔʉi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ^H/	/ʔʷɨi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ^H/	/ʔiuəi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ^H/	/ʔuj^H/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ^H/	/ʔiuəi^H/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ^H/	/ĭwəi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ^H/	/ʔwe̯i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng	wèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging³	wai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kreŋ(ʔ)-s ʔuj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kreŋs quls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	敬	畏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng	wèi
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng^H ›	‹ ʔjwɨj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/	/*ʔuj-s/
English	respectful	fear (v.); threaten
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	敬	畏
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6885	12939
Phonetic component	敬	畏
Rime group	耕	微
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	敬	尉
Old Chinese	/*kreŋs/	/*quls/

Verb

敬畏

to revere; to hold in awe; to fear

Synonyms

edit

寅畏 (yínwèi) (literary)
尊存 (Hokkien)
尊崇 (zūnchóng)
尊敬 (zūnjìng)
尊重 (zūnzhòng)
尚
崇仰 (chóngyǎng)
崇尚 (chóngshàng)
崇拜 (chóngbài)
崇敬 (chóngjìng)
推尊 (tuīzūn)
推崇 (tuīchóng)
敦尚 (dūnshàng) (literary)
敬 (jìng)
敬愛 / 敬爱 (jìng'ài)
敬服 (jìngfú)
敬重 (jìngzhòng)
畏服 (wèifú) (literary)
誠忠 / 诚忠 (chéngzhōng) (literary)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
敬	畏
けい Grade: 6	い Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けーい [kéꜜèì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ke̞iː]

Noun

敬(けい)畏(い) • (keii) ^{←けいゐ (keiwi)^?}

reverence, holding in awe, fear

Verb

敬(けい)畏(い)する • (keii suru) ^{←けいゐ (keiwi)^?}suru (stem 敬(けい)畏(い)し (keii shi), past 敬(けい)畏(い)した (keii shita))

revere, hold in awe, fear

Conjugation

Conjugation of "敬畏する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	敬畏し	けいいし	keii shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	敬畏し	けいいし	keii shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	敬畏する	けいいする	keii suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	敬畏する	けいいする	keii suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	敬畏すれ	けいいすれ	keii sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	敬畏せよ¹ 敬畏しろ²	けいいせよ¹ けいいしろ²	keii seyo¹ keii shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	敬畏される	けいいされる	keii sareru
Causative	敬畏させる敬畏さす	けいいさせるけいいさす	keii saseru keii sasu
Potential	敬畏できる	けいいできる	keii dekiru
Volitional	敬畏しよう	けいいしよう	keii shiyō
Negative	敬畏しない	けいいしない	keii shinai
Negative continuative	敬畏せず	けいいせず	keii sezu
Formal	敬畏します	けいいします	keii shimasu
Perfective	敬畏した	けいいした	keii shita
Conjunctive	敬畏して	けいいして	keii shite
Hypothetical conditional	敬畏すれば	けいいすれば	keii sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
敬	畏

Noun

敬畏 • (gyeong'oe) (hangeul 경외)

hanja form^? of 경외 (“reverence, holding in awe, fear”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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