教化

See also: 敎化

Chinese

		teach; teaching; religion	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
trad. (教化)		教	化
simp. ^#(教化)		教	化

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàohuà

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau³ faa³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kàu-hòa

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàohuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàohuà
  - Wade–Giles: chiao⁴-hua⁴
  - Yale: jyàu-hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiawhuah
  - Palladius: цзяохуа (czjaoxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaau³ faa³
  - Yale: gaau fa
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaau³ faa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gao³ fa³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯³³ faː³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàu-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: kàu-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kao'hoax
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kau²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kau²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kau¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/

Middle Chinese: kaewH xwaeH

Rime
Character	教	化
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	古孝切	呼霸切
Baxter	kaewH	xwaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau^H/	/hˠua^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau^H/	/hʷᵚa^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kau^H/	/xua^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw^H/	/hwaɨ^H/
Li Rong	/kau^H/	/xua^H/
Wang Li	/kau^H/	/xwa^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kau^H/	/xwa^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiào	huà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau³	faa³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.kˤraw-s qʷʰˤ<r>aj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːws hŋʷraːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	教	化
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiào	huà
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw^H ›	‹ xwæ^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s.kˁraw-s/	/*qʷʰˁ<r>aj-s/
English	teaching; instruction	transform
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	教	化
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	14643	5327
Phonetic component	爻	化
Rime group	宵	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	敎	化
Old Chinese	/*kraːws/	/*hŋʷraːls/

Verb

教化

to educate; to teach good manners; to civilize; to enlighten by education; to shape the mind through education

Synonyms

(figurative) 陶冶 (táoyě)

Noun

教化

enlightenment; civilisation; education

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (教化):

→ Japanese: 教(きょう)化(か) (kyōka)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 教化 – see 叫化 (“beggar; to beg”). (This term is a variant form of 叫化).

Japanese

Kanji in this term
教	化
きょう Grade: 2	か Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ːka̠]

Noun

教(きょう)化(か) • (kyōka)

enlightenment, civilisation, education

Verb

教(きょう)化(か)する • (kyōka suru) suru (stem 教(きょう)化(か)し (kyōka shi), past 教(きょう)化(か)した (kyōka shita))

to enlighten, to educate, to civilize

Conjugation

Conjugation of "教化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	教化し	きょうかし	kyōka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	教化し	きょうかし	kyōka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	教化する	きょうかする	kyōka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	教化する	きょうかする	kyōka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	教化すれ	きょうかすれ	kyōka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	教化せよ¹ 教化しろ²	きょうかせよ¹ きょうかしろ²	kyōka seyo¹ kyōka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	教化される	きょうかされる	kyōka sareru
Causative	教化させる教化さす	きょうかさせるきょうかさす	kyōka saseru kyōka sasu
Potential	教化できる	きょうかできる	kyōka dekiru
Volitional	教化しよう	きょうかしよう	kyōka shiyō
Negative	教化しない	きょうかしない	kyōka shinai
Negative continuative	教化せず	きょうかせず	kyōka sezu
Formal	教化します	きょうかします	kyōka shimasu
Perfective	教化した	きょうかした	kyōka shita
Conjunctive	教化して	きょうかして	kyōka shite
Hypothetical conditional	教化すれば	きょうかすれば	kyōka sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“教化”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026