陶冶

Chinese

		pleased; pottery	smelt
simp. and trad. (陶冶)		陶	冶

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): táoyě

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄠˊ ㄧㄝˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tou⁴ je⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tô-iá / tô͘-iá

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: táoyě
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄠˊ ㄧㄝˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: táoyě
  - Wade–Giles: tʻao²-yeh³
  - Yale: táu-yě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tauryee
  - Palladius: таое (taoje)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ jɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tou⁴ je⁵
  - Yale: tòuh yéh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tou⁴ je⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: tou⁴ yé⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯²¹ jɛː¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô-iá
  - Tâi-lô: tô-iá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doi'iar
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /to¹³⁻²² ia⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /to²⁴⁻¹¹ ia⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ²³⁻³³ ia⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /to²⁴⁻²² ia⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tô͘-iá
  - Tâi-lô: tôo-iá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: do'iar
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔ²⁴⁻²² ia⁵⁵⁴/

Middle Chinese: daw yaeX

Rime
Character	陶	冶
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	徒刀切	羊者切
Baxter	daw	yaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑu/	/jia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑu/	/jia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑu/	/ia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daw/	/jia^X/
Li Rong	/dɑu/	/ia^X/
Wang Li	/dɑu/	/jĭa^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱɑu/	/i̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	táo	yě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou⁴	je⁵

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*bl'uː laːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	陶	冶
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	12363	14811
Phonetic component	匋	冶
Rime group	幽	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	陶	野
Old Chinese	/*bl'uː/	/*laːʔ/

Verb

陶冶

(literal) to make pottery and smelt metal
(figurative) to cultivate; to train; to mould someone's character

Synonyms

(to cultivate): 教化 (jiàohuà)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (陶冶):

→ Japanese: 陶(とう)冶(や) (tōya)
→ Korean: 도야(陶冶) (doya)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
陶	冶
とう Grade: S	や Grade: S
kan'on

Etymology

/tau ja/ → /tɔːja/ → /toːja/

From Middle Chinese 陶冶 (MC daw yaeX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とーや [tóꜜòyà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [to̞ːja̠]

Noun

陶(とう)冶(や) • (tōya) ^{←たうや (tauya)^?}

crafting of pottery and smelting of metal
(by extension) cultivation, training

Derived terms

陶(とう)冶(や)性(せい) (tōyasei)
一(いっ)般(ぱん)的(てき)陶(とう)冶(や) (ippanteki tōya)
形(けい)式(しき)陶(とう)冶(や) (keishiki tōya)
実(じっ)質(しつ)陶(とう)冶(や) (jisshitsu tōya)

Verb

陶(とう)冶(や)する • (tōya suru) ^{←たうや (tauya)^?}transitive suru (stem 陶(とう)冶(や)し (tōya shi), past 陶(とう)冶(や)した (tōya shita))

to train, build (character, etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "陶冶する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	陶冶し	とうやし	tōya shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	陶冶し	とうやし	tōya shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	陶冶する	とうやする	tōya suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	陶冶する	とうやする	tōya suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	陶冶すれ	とうやすれ	tōya sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	陶冶せよ¹ 陶冶しろ²	とうやせよ¹ とうやしろ²	tōya seyo¹ tōya shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	陶冶される	とうやされる	tōya sareru
Causative	陶冶させる陶冶さす	とうやさせるとうやさす	tōya saseru tōya sasu
Potential	陶冶できる	とうやできる	tōya dekiru
Volitional	陶冶しよう	とうやしよう	tōya shiyō
Negative	陶冶しない	とうやしない	tōya shinai
Negative continuative	陶冶せず	とうやせず	tōya sezu
Formal	陶冶します	とうやします	tōya shimasu
Perfective	陶冶した	とうやした	tōya shita
Conjunctive	陶冶して	とうやして	tōya shite
Hypothetical conditional	陶冶すれば	とうやすれば	tōya sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“陶冶”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026