援助

Chinese

		to help; to assist; to aid	to help; to assist
simp. and trad. (援助)		援	助

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yuánzhù

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴ zo⁶ / wun⁴ zo⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yèn-chhu / yàn-chhu

(Hailu, HRS): rhan cu^˖
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): oan-chō͘ / oān-chō͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): iêng⁶ zo⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuánzhù
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuánjhù
  - Wade–Giles: yüan²-chu⁴
  - Yale: ywán-jù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanjuh
  - Palladius: юаньчжу (juanʹčžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    原著
    圓柱 / 圆柱
    援助
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyun⁴ zo⁶ / wun⁴ zo⁶
  - Yale: yùhn joh / wùhn joh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴ dzo⁶ / wun⁴ dzo⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴ zo⁶ / wun⁴ zo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹ t͡sɔː²²/, /wuːn²¹ t͡sɔː²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn-chhu
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˇ cu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan² cu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹ t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn-chhu
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˇ cu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan² cu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹ t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: rhan cu^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ʒan⁵⁵ t͡sʰu³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan-chō͘
  - Tâi-lô: uan-tsōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oanzo
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /uan³³ t͡sɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oān-chō͘
  - Tâi-lô: uān-tsōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oaxnzo
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /uan²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan³³⁻²¹ t͡sɔ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /uan³³⁻¹¹ t͡sɔ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iêng⁶ zo⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iĕng tsŏ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡so³⁵/

Verb

援助

to aid; to support

Synonyms

edit

佐理 (zuǒlǐ) (literary, with a task)
使勁 / 使劲 (shǐjìn)
加勢 / 加势 (jiāshì)
助 (zhù)
助力 (zhùlì)
助理 (zhùlǐ)
助益 (zhùyì) (literary)
匡助 (kuāngzhù) (literary)
協助 / 协助 (xiézhù)
參佐 / 参佐 (cānzuǒ) (literary)
增援 (zēngyuán, “to provide reinforcements”)
幫 / 帮 (bāng)
幫助 / 帮助 (bāngzhù)
幫同 / 帮同 (bāngtóng) (literary)
幫寸 / 帮寸 (bāngcùn)
幫帶 / 帮带 (bāngdài)
幫忙 / 帮忙 (bāngmáng)
幫手 / 帮手 (bong¹ sau²) (Cantonese)
幫扶 / 帮扶 (bāngfú)
幫襯 / 帮衬 (bāngchèn)
幫贈 / 帮赠 (Hokkien)
扶
扶助 (fúzhù)
扶持 (fúchí)
扶掖 (fúyè) (formal)
拉巴 (dialectal)
挺 (tǐng)
𢯭手 (Hakka)
支助 (zhīzhù) (literary)
支持 (zhīchí)
支援 (zhīyuán)
救 (jiù)
相幫 / 相帮 (xiāngbāng) (dialectal)
相輔 / 相辅 (Teochew)
翼 (yì) (literary, or in compounds)
聲援 / 声援 (shēngyuán, “to express support for”)
臂助 (bìzhù) (literary)
補益 / 补益 (bǔyì)
補臺 / 补台 (bǔtái) (mainland China)
贈力 / 赠力 (Hokkien)
贈助 / 赠助 (Hokkien)
贊喙 / 赞喙 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
贈手 / 赠手 (Hokkien)
贊聲 / 赞声 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
輔助 / 辅助 (fǔzhù)
陪 (péi) (literary, or in compounds)
鬥幫贈 / 斗帮赠 (Hokkien)
鬥相共 / 斗相共 (Hokkien)
鬥跤手 / 斗跤手 (Hokkien)
鬥跤搭 / 斗跤搭 (Hokkien)

Noun

援助

aid; support
人道主義援助／人道主义援助 ― réndàozhǔyì yuánzhù ― humanitarian aid

Synonyms

(literary) 援手 (yuánshǒu)

Derived terms

司法援助 (sīfǎ yuánzhù)
法律援助 (fǎlǜ yuánzhù)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (援助):

→ Japanese: 援助(えんじょ) (enjo)
→ Korean: 원조(援助) (wonjo)
→ Vietnamese: viện trợ (援助)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
援	助
えん Grade: S	じょ Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) えんじょ [éꜜǹjò] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞]

Noun

援(えん)助(じょ) • (enjo) ^{←ゑんじよ (wenzyo)^?}

assistance, aid

Derived terms

援助交際(えんじょこうさい) (enjo kōsai)

Verb

援(えん)助(じょ)する • (enjo suru) ^{←ゑんじよ (wenzyo)^?}transitive suru (stem 援(えん)助(じょ)し (enjo shi), past 援(えん)助(じょ)した (enjo shita))

assist, support

Conjugation

Conjugation of "援助する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	援助し	えんじょし	enjo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	援助し	えんじょし	enjo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	援助する	えんじょする	enjo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	援助する	えんじょする	enjo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	援助すれ	えんじょすれ	enjo sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	援助せよ¹ 援助しろ²	えんじょせよ¹ えんじょしろ²	enjo seyo¹ enjo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	援助される	えんじょされる	enjo sareru
Causative	援助させる援助さす	えんじょさせるえんじょさす	enjo saseru enjo sasu
Potential	援助できる	えんじょできる	enjo dekiru
Volitional	援助しよう	えんじょしよう	enjo shiyō
Negative	援助しない	えんじょしない	enjo shinai
Negative continuative	援助せず	えんじょせず	enjo sezu
Formal	援助します	えんじょします	enjo shimasu
Perfective	援助した	えんじょした	enjo shita
Conjunctive	援助して	えんじょして	enjo shite
Hypothetical conditional	援助すれば	えんじょすれば	enjo sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“援助”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
援	助

Noun

援助 • (wonjo) (hangeul 원조)

hanja form^? of 원조 (“aid; assistance; support”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
援	助

Verb

援助

chữ Hán form of viện trợ (“to aid; to support”)