払う

Japanese

Kanji in this term
はら
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
拂う (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, with the phonetic man'yōgana spelling 波羅賦.[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 払う
Plain 払う [hàráꜜù]
Conjunctive 払って って [hàráꜜttè]
Perfective 払った った [hàráꜜttà]
Negative 払わない らわない [hàráwáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 払わなかった らわなかった [hàráwáꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 払えば えば [hàráꜜèbà]
Past conditional 払ったら ったら [hàráꜜttàrà]
Imperative 払え [hàráꜜè]
Volitional 払おう らお [hàráóꜜò]
Desiderative 払いたい らいた [hàráítáꜜì]
Formal 払います らいま [hàráímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 払いません らいませ [hàráímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 払いましょう らいましょ [hàráímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 払いました らいました [hàráímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 払い
払いに

いに
[hàráꜜì]
[hàráꜜì nì]
Negative continuative 払わず
払わずに
らわ
らわずに
[hàráwáꜜzù]
[hàráwáꜜzù nì]
Passive 払われる らわれ [hàráwáréꜜrù]
Causative 払わせる
払わす
らわせ
らわ
[hàráwáséꜜrù]
[hàráwáꜜsù]
Potential 払える らえ [hàráéꜜrù]
  • (western dialects or literary variant) [hàróꜜò] (Nakadaka – [2])
  • IPA(key): [ha̠ɾo̞ː]

Verb

(はら) • (harauはらふ (farafu)?transitive godan (stem (はら) (harai), past (はら)った (haratta))

  1. to drive away, to get rid of
    ()(はえ)(はら)te de hae o harauto whisk flies off
    蜘蛛(くも)()(はら)kumo no su o harauto remove spiderwebs
    ほこりを(はら)hokori o harauto get rid of the dust
  2. to pay (money)
    (きゅう)(りょう)(はら)kyūryō o harauto pay a salary
  3. to expend; to exhaust (in order to achieve some goal)
    ()(せい)(はら)gisei o harauto make a sacrifice
  4. to pay; to afford; to show (attention, respect, etc.)
    (そん)(けい)(はら)sonkei o harauto pay respect
  5. to empty
    ()()(はら)heya o harauto clear out the room
  6. (calligraphy) to write as a sweeping stroke to the bottom right ()
    Coordinate term: 止める

Conjugation

Conjugation of "払う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 払わ はらわ harawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 払い はらい harai
Shūshikei ("terminal") 払う はらう harau
Rentaikei ("attributive") 払う はらう harau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 払え はらえ harae
Meireikei ("imperative") 払え はらえ harae
Key constructions
Passive 払われる はらわれる harawareru
Causative 払わせる
払わす
はらわせる
はらわす
harawaseru
harawasu
Potential 払える はらえる haraeru
Volitional 払おう はらおう haraō
Negative 払わない はらわない harawanai
Negative continuative 払わず はらわず harawazu
Formal 払います はらいます haraimasu
Perfective 払った はらった haratta
Conjunctive 払って はらって haratte
Hypothetical conditional 払えば はらえば haraeba
Classical conjugation of "払ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 払は はらは farafa
Continuative (連用形) 払ひ はらひ farafi
Terminal (終止形) 払ふ はらふ farafu
Attributive (連体形) 払ふ はらふ farafu
Realis (已然形) 払へ はらへ farafe
Imperative (命令形) 払へ はらへ farafe
Key constructions
Negative 払はず はらはず farafazu
Contrasting conjunction 払へど はらへど farafedo
Causal conjunction 払へば はらへば farafeba
Conditional conjunction 払はば はらはば farafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 払ひき はらひき farafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 払ひけり はらひけり farafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 払ひつ はらひつ farafitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 払ひぬ はらひぬ farafinu
Perfect-continuative tense 払へり
払ひたり
はらへり
はらひたり
faraferi
farafitari
Volitional 払はむ はらはむ farafamu

Coordinate terms

References

  1. ^ 払・掃”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^
    720, Nihon Shoki, The Age of the Gods, part 1:
    , text here (spelled in phonetic man'yōgana 波羅賦, pronounced parapu)
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN