憤慨

See also: 愤慨

Chinese

		indignant; anger; resentment	generous; sad
trad. (憤慨)		憤	慨
simp. (愤慨)		愤	慨

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fènkǎi

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ㄎㄞˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan⁵ koi³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hùn-khài / hún-khài

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung³ kai³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fènkǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ㄎㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fènkǎi
  - Wade–Giles: fên⁴-kʻai³
  - Yale: fèn-kǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fennkae
  - Palladius: фэнькай (fɛnʹkaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən⁵¹ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fan⁵ koi³
  - Yale: fáhn koi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁵ koi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen⁵ koi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn¹³ kʰɔːi̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn-khài
  - Tâi-lô: hùn-khài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huonqaix
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰai⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰai¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰai²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰai²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hún-khài
  - Tâi-lô: hún-khài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hwnqaix
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung³ kai³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hùng khài
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰai²¹³/

Verb

憤慨

to hate; to resent

Synonyms

仇恨 (chóuhèn)
作嘔 / 作呕 (zuò'ǒu) (figurative)
厭恨 / 厌恨 (yànhèn)
厭惡 / 厌恶 (yànwù)
唾棄 / 唾弃 (tuòqì)
嫌惡 / 嫌恶 (xiánwù)
嫌憎 (xiánzēng)
怨恨 (yuànhèn)
恨怒 (hènnù) (literary)
恚恨 (huìhèn) (literary)
惡嫌 / 恶嫌 (wùxián) (literary)
悵恨 / 怅恨 (chànghèn) (literary, to be disappointed and resentful)
慍恚 / 愠恚 (yùnhuì) (literary)
憤恨 / 愤恨 (fènhèn)
憎恨 (zēnghèn)
憎惡 / 憎恶
憤毒 / 愤毒 (fèndú) (literary)
煩惡 / 烦恶 (fánwù)
痛恨 (tònghèn)
討厭 / 讨厌 (tǎoyàn)
鄙棄 / 鄙弃 (bǐqì)

Adjective

憤慨

resentful; indignant

Synonyms

不平 (bùpíng)
不滿 / 不满 (bùmǎn)
受氣 / 受气 (siū-khì) (Hokkien, Teochew)
嬲 (Cantonese)
嬲爆爆 (nau¹ baau³ baau³) (Cantonese)
怒 (nù) (literary, or in compounds)
怒憤 / 怒愤 (nùfèn) (literary)
悻悻 (xìngxìng) (literary)
悻然 (xìngrán) (literary)
憤怒 / 愤怒 (fènnù)
憤懣 / 愤懑 (fènmèn)
氣呼呼 / 气呼呼 (qìhūhū)
氣奪奪 / 气夺夺 (Hokkien)
氣怫怫 / 气怫怫 (Hokkien)
氣憤 / 气愤 (qìfèn)
氣掣掣 / 气掣掣 (Hokkien)
氣沖沖 / 气冲冲 (qìchōngchōng)
激心 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
火大 (huǒdà)
生氣 / 生气 (shēngqì)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
憤	慨
ふん Grade: S	がい Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
憤慨 (kyūjitai)

Noun

憤(ふん)慨(がい) • (fungai)

resentment, indignation

Verb

憤(ふん)慨(がい)する • (fungai suru) suru (stem 憤(ふん)慨(がい)し (fungai shi), past 憤(ふん)慨(がい)した (fungai shita))

to resent

Conjugation

Conjugation of "憤慨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	憤慨し	ふんがいし	fungai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	憤慨し	ふんがいし	fungai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	憤慨する	ふんがいする	fungai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	憤慨する	ふんがいする	fungai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	憤慨すれ	ふんがいすれ	fungai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	憤慨せよ¹ 憤慨しろ²	ふんがいせよ¹ ふんがいしろ²	fungai seyo¹ fungai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	憤慨される	ふんがいされる	fungai sareru
Causative	憤慨させる憤慨さす	ふんがいさせるふんがいさす	fungai saseru fungai sasu
Potential	憤慨できる	ふんがいできる	fungai dekiru
Volitional	憤慨しよう	ふんがいしよう	fungai shiyō
Negative	憤慨しない	ふんがいしない	fungai shinai
Negative continuative	憤慨せず	ふんがいせず	fungai sezu
Formal	憤慨します	ふんがいします	fungai shimasu
Perfective	憤慨した	ふんがいした	fungai shita
Conjunctive	憤慨して	ふんがいして	fungai shite
Hypothetical conditional	憤慨すれば	ふんがいすれば	fungai sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“憤慨”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
憤	慨

Noun

憤慨 • (bun'gae) (hangeul 분개)

hanja form^? of 분개 (“resentment, indignation”)