必須

See also: 必须

Chinese

		certainly; must; will certainly; must; will; necessarily	necessary; must; need
trad. (必須)		必	須
simp. (必须)		必	须

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bìxū

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄩ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bit¹ seoi¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pit-sî

(Hailu, HRS): bid si^ˋ
Northern Min (KCR): bĭ-sṳ́
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bih⁶ sy¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pit-su / pit-si

(Teochew, Peng'im): big⁴ su¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷piq-shiu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bìxū
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄩ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bìsyu
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴-hsü¹
  - Yale: bì-syū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bihshiu
  - Palladius: бисюй (bisjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹ ɕy⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    必需
    必須 / 必须
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bit¹ seoi¹
  - Yale: bīt sēui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bit⁷ soey¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: bid¹ sêu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piːt̚⁵ sɵy̯⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    必需
    必須 / 必须
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pit-sî
  - Hakka Romanization System: bid^ˋ xi^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bid⁵ xi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /pit̚² si²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: bid si^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /pit⁵⁻² si⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bĭ-sṳ́
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴ sy⁵⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bih⁶ sy¹ [Phonetic: bih⁷ sy¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bih-sṳ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ ɬy⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bih⁶ sy¹ [Phonetic: bih⁷ sy¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piʔ²⁻⁴ ɬy⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pit-su
  - Tâi-lô: pit-su
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pitsw
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pit̚³²⁻⁴ su⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pit̚⁵⁻²⁴ su³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pit-si
  - Tâi-lô: pit-si
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pitsy
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pit̚³²⁻⁵ si⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: big⁴ su¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pik su
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pik̚²⁻⁴ su³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷piq-shiu
  - MiniDict: pih^入 shiu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴piq-xy
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /piɪʔ³³ ɕy⁴⁴/

Verb

必須

must; have to (used as an auxiliary verb)
這道坎必須得過。 [MSC, trad.]
这道坎必须得过。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè dào kǎn bìxū děi guò. [Pinyin]
You must go through this.

員工返崗前必須洗手。 [MSC, trad.]
员工返岗前必须洗手。 [MSC, simp.]
Yuángōng fǎngǎng qián bìxū xǐshǒu. [Pinyin]
Employees must wash hands before returning to work.

沒有船票的人必須購票。 [MSC, trad.]
没有船票的人必须购票。 [MSC, simp.]
Méiyǒu chuánpiào de rén bìxū gòupiào. [Pinyin]
Those without a boat ticket must purchase one.

你申請新護照時，必須交出舊護照。 [MSC, trad.]
你申请新护照时，必须交出旧护照。 [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ shēnqǐng xīn hùzhào shí, bìxū jiāochū jiù hùzhào. [Pinyin]
You must hand over your old passport when applying for a new one.
- 1988, “萬世有你名號 [Myriad Generations Chant Your Name]”, 袁善根 [Yuen Sin-gan] (lyrics), 城振銘 [Chen-ming Cheng] (music):
  
  若必須跨出一步，誰敢擋我路？ [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  若必须跨出一步，谁敢挡我路？ [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  joek⁶ bit¹ seoi¹ kwaa¹ ceot¹ jat¹ bou⁶, seoi⁴ gam² dong² ngo⁵ lou⁶? [Jyutping]
  If I must take one stride out, who'd dare obstruct my path?

Usage notes

必須／必须 (bìxū) is used for subjective requirements, while 必需 (bìxū) is used for objective requirements.

Synonyms

edit

一定愛 / 一定爱 (Hakka)
一定要
務必 / 务必 (wùbì)
務期 / 务期 (wùqī) (literary)
務須 / 务须 (wùxū)
定著 (tiānn-tio̍h) (Min Nan)
得 (děi) (colloquial)
必得
應當 / 应当 (yīngdāng) (law)
煞著 (Hokkien)
著愛 / 著爱 (tio̍h-ài) (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
非得 (fēiděi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
必	須
ひつ > ひっ Grade: 4	す Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

Middle Chinese 必須

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひっす [hìssú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
(Tokyo) ひっす [híꜜssù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [çisːɨ]

Adjective

必(ひっ)須(す) • (hissu) -na (adnominal 必(ひっ)須(す)な (hissu na), adverbial 必(ひっ)須(す)に (hissu ni))

indispensable, essential

Inflection

Inflection of 必須
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	必須だろ	ひっすだろ	hissu daro
Continuative (連用形)	必須で	ひっすで	hissu de
Terminal (終止形)	必須だ	ひっすだ	hissu da
Attributive (連体形)	必須な	ひっすな	hissu na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	必須なら	ひっすなら	hissu nara
Imperative (命令形)	必須であれ	ひっすであれ	hissu de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	必須ではない必須じゃない	ひっすではないひっすじゃない	hissu de wa nai hissu ja nai
Informal past	必須だった	ひっすだった	hissu datta
Informal negative past	必須ではなかった必須じゃなかった	ひっすではなかったひっすじゃなかった	hissu de wa nakatta hissu ja nakatta
Formal	必須です	ひっすです	hissu desu
Formal negative	必須ではありません必須じゃありません	ひっすではありませんひっすじゃありません	hissu de wa arimasen hissu ja arimasen
Formal past	必須でした	ひっすでした	hissu deshita
Formal negative past	必須ではありませんでした必須じゃありませんでした	ひっすではありませんでしたひっすじゃありませんでした	hissu de wa arimasen deshita hissu ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	必須で	ひっすで	hissu de
Conditional	必須なら（ば）	ひっすなら（ば）	hissu nara (ba)
Provisional	必須だったら	ひっすだったら	hissu dattara
Volitional	必須だろう	ひっすだろう	hissu darō
Adverbial	必須に	ひっすに	hissu ni
Degree	必須さ	ひっすさ	hissusa

Noun

必(ひっ)須(す) • (hissu)

indispensability, a must
- 2025 August 10 (last accessed), 天畠大輔 [Daisuke Tenbata], quotee, “第217回国会　参議院　厚生労働委員会　第11号　令和7年5月8日 [217th Diet, House of Councillors, Committee on Health, Labour and Welfare, No. 11, May 8, 2025]”, in 国会会議録検索システム [Diet Proceedings Search System]‎^[1], 国立国会図書館 [National Diet Library]:
  しかし、承認後の安全性、有効性の検証において、検証的臨床試験の実施は必須になっていません。
  Shikashi, shōnin-go no anzensei, yūkōsei no kenshō ni oite, kenshōteki rinshō shiken no jisshi wa hissu ni natte imasen.
  However, the conduct of confirmatory clinical trials is not mandatory to verify safety and effectiveness after approval.

Derived terms

必(ひっ)須(す)格(かく) (hissukaku, “indispensable case (linguistics)”)
必(ひっ)須(す)科(か)目(もく) (hissu kamoku, “required subjects”)
必(ひっ)須(す)条(じょう)件(けん) (hissu jōken, “essential condition”)
必(ひっ)須(す)アミノ酸(さん) (hissu aminosan, “essential amino acid”)
必(ひっ)須(す)脂(し)肪(ぼう)酸(さん) (hissu shibōsan, “essential fatty acid”)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“必須”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
必	須

Noun

必須 • (pilsu) (hangeul 필수)

hanja form^? of 필수 (“essential, required, indispensable”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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