彷徨う

Japanese

Kanji in this term
さまよ
Hyōgai Hyōgai
jukujikun
Alternative spellings
さ迷う
徘徊う (rare)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]

Possibly a compound of (sa, emphatic or beautification prefix) + (まよ) (mayō, to be lost, to stray; to be uncertain).[1] Compare () (sanu), さまねし (samaneshi).

Alternatively, might be a compound of (さま)(さま) (sama, direction) + よう (you, of uncertain meaning, possibly "to be unsettled"; seen as the latter element in verbs (ただよ) (tadayō, to float about, to drift) or (いざ)() (izayou, to hesitate)).[2]

One source suggests cognacy with now-obsolete verb (さまよ)呻吟(さまよ) (samayou, to wail in sadness);[3] however, the semantics are difficult to reconcile.

The kanji are jukujikun ((じゅく)()(くん)), from Chinese 彷徨 (pánghuáng).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) まよ [sàmáyóꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])[3]
  • IPA(key): [sa̠ma̠jo̞ɯ̟]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 彷徨う
Plain 彷徨う まよ [sàmáyóꜜù]
Conjunctive 彷徨って まよって [sàmáyóꜜttè]
Perfective 彷徨った まよった [sàmáyóꜜttà]
Negative 彷徨わない まよわない [sàmáyówáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 彷徨わなかった まよわなかった [sàmáyówáꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 彷徨えば まよえば [sàmáyóꜜèbà]
Past conditional 彷徨ったら まよったら [sàmáyóꜜttàrà]
Imperative 彷徨え まよ [sàmáyóꜜè]
Volitional 彷徨おう まよお [sàmáyóóꜜò]
Desiderative 彷徨いたい まよいた [sàmáyóítáꜜì]
Formal 彷徨います まよいま [sàmáyóímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 彷徨いません まよいませ [sàmáyóímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 彷徨いましょう まよいましょ [sàmáyóímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 彷徨いました まよいました [sàmáyóímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 彷徨い
彷徨いに
まよ
まよいに
[sàmáyóꜜì]
[sàmáyóꜜì nì]
Negative continuative 彷徨わず
彷徨わずに
まよわ
まよわずに
[sàmáyówáꜜzù]
[sàmáyówáꜜzù nì]
Passive 彷徨われる まよわれ [sàmáyówáréꜜrù]
Causative 彷徨わせる
彷徨わす
まよわせ
まよわ
[sàmáyówáséꜜrù]
[sàmáyówáꜜsù]
Potential 彷徨える まよえ [sàmáyóéꜜrù]

Verb

彷徨(さまよ) • (samayouさまよふ (samayofu)?intransitive godan (stem 彷徨(さまよ) (samayoi), past 彷徨(さまよ)った (samayotta))

  1. [from 720] to wander
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典 / 新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 / 大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      (まち)から(まち)あても()彷徨(さまよ)(ある)
      machi kara machi e atemonaku samayoi aruku
      to wander aimlessly from town to town

Conjugation

Conjugation of "彷徨う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 彷徨わ さまよわ samayowa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 彷徨い さまよい samayoi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 彷徨う さまよう samayou
Rentaikei ("attributive") 彷徨う さまよう samayou
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 彷徨え さまよえ samayoe
Meireikei ("imperative") 彷徨え さまよえ samayoe
Key constructions
Passive 彷徨われる さまよわれる samayowareru
Causative 彷徨わせる
彷徨わす
さまよわせる
さまよわす
samayowaseru
samayowasu
Potential 彷徨える さまよえる samayoeru
Volitional 彷徨おう さまよおう samayoō
Negative 彷徨わない さまよわない samayowanai
Negative continuative 彷徨わず さまよわず samayowazu
Formal 彷徨います さまよいます samayoimasu
Perfective 彷徨った さまよった samayotta
Conjunctive 彷徨って さまよって samayotte
Hypothetical conditional 彷徨えば さまよえば samayoeba

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 さ迷・彷徨・徘徊”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ さ迷う”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN