彷徨

See also: 徬徨

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (彷徨)		彷	徨
alternative forms		旁皇傍偟徬徨房皇仿偟

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pánghuáng

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pong⁴ wong⁴
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): pang⁵ huang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pánghuáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pánghuáng
  - Wade–Giles: pʻang²-huang²
  - Yale: páng-hwáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parnghwang
  - Palladius: панхуан (panxuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: pong⁴ wong⁴
  - Yale: pòhng wòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pong⁴ wong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: pong⁴ wong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔːŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pang⁵ huang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phâng huâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: bang hwang

Rime
Character	彷	徨
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	步光切	胡光切
Baxter	bang	hwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɑŋ/	/ɦwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bɑŋ/	/ɦʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/bɑŋ/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baŋ/	/ɦwaŋ/
Li Rong	/bɑŋ/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/bɑŋ/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱɑŋ/	/ɣwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	páng	huáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pong⁴	wong⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤaŋ [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*baːŋ ɡʷaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	彷	徨
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	páng	huáng
Middle Chinese	‹ bang ›	‹ hwang ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁaŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/
English	bang-hwang hestitate	彷徨 bang.hwang hesitate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	彷	徨
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	3000	12706
Phonetic component	方	王
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	傍	黃
Old Chinese	/*baːŋ/	/*ɡʷaːŋ/
Notes	見莊子	見揚雄賦

Verb

彷徨

to walk back and forth; to roam around
- 彷徨乎無為其側，逍遙乎寢臥其下？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  彷徨乎无为其侧，逍遥乎寝卧其下？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Pánghuáng hū wú wéi qí cè, xiāoyáo hū qǐnwò qí xià? [Pinyin]
  […] There you might saunter idly by its side, or in the enjoyment of untroubled ease sleep beneath it.
(figurative) to hesitate; to be irresolute; to be indecisive; to pause
(literary, of wind) to revolve; to go round; to spiral

Synonyms

(to walk back and forth):

edit

徘徊
盤旋 / 盘旋 (pánxuán)
盤桓 / 盘桓 (pánhuán)
走來走去 / 走来走去 (zǒuláizǒuqù)
踟躇 (chíchú)
踟躕 / 踟蹰 (chíchú)
躑躅 / 踯躅 (zhízhú)

(to hesitate):

edit

反顧 / 反顾 (fǎngù) (literary)
彳亍 (chìchù) (literary, figurative)
徘徊 (figurative)
拿不定主意 (nábùdìng zhǔyì)
游移 (yóuyí)
猶疑 / 犹疑 (yóuyí)
猶豫 / 犹豫 (yóuyù)
疑蟯 / 疑蛲 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
盤桓 / 盘桓 (pánhuán) (figurative)
膩 / 腻 (nyi⁴) (Sichuanese)
踟躇 (chíchú)
踟躕 / 踟蹰 (chíchú)
躊躇 / 踌躇 (chóuchú)
巡巡 (xúnxún) (literary)
逡巡 (qūnxún) (literary)
遲疑 / 迟疑 (chíyí)

Derived terms

彷徨四顧 / 彷徨四顾
彷徨失措
彷徨歧途

Japanese

Kanji in this term
彷	徨
ほう Hyōgai	こう Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほーこー [hòókóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ho̞ːko̞ː]

Noun

彷(ほう)徨(こう) • (hōkō) ^{←はうくわう (faukwau)^?}

wandering, roaming

Verb

彷(ほう)徨(こう)する • (hōkō suru) intransitive suru (stem 彷(ほう)徨(こう)し (hōkō shi), past 彷(ほう)徨(こう)した (hōkō shita))

wander, rove, ramble

Conjugation

Conjugation of "彷徨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	彷徨し	ほうこうし	hōkō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	彷徨し	ほうこうし	hōkō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	彷徨する	ほうこうする	hōkō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	彷徨する	ほうこうする	hōkō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	彷徨すれ	ほうこうすれ	hōkō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	彷徨せよ¹ 彷徨しろ²	ほうこうせよ¹ ほうこうしろ²	hōkō seyo¹ hōkō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	彷徨される	ほうこうされる	hōkō sareru
Causative	彷徨させる彷徨さす	ほうこうさせるほうこうさす	hōkō saseru hōkō sasu
Potential	彷徨できる	ほうこうできる	hōkō dekiru
Volitional	彷徨しよう	ほうこうしよう	hōkō shiyō
Negative	彷徨しない	ほうこうしない	hōkō shinai
Negative continuative	彷徨せず	ほうこうせず	hōkō sezu
Formal	彷徨します	ほうこうします	hōkō shimasu
Perfective	彷徨した	ほうこうした	hōkō shita
Conjunctive	彷徨して	ほうこうして	hōkō shite
Hypothetical conditional	彷徨すれば	ほうこうすれば	hōkō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“^▲彷^▲徨”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
彷	徨

Noun

彷徨 • (banghwang) (hangeul 방황)

hanja form^? of 방황 (“wandering”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
彷	徨

Adjective

彷徨

chữ Hán form of bàng hoàng (“stunned; stupefied; dumbfounded”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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