弾ける

Japanese

FWOTD – 24 May 2023
Kanji in this term
はじ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
彈ける (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Old Japanese 弾く (hajiku), in the (しも)()(だん)(かつ)(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō, lower bigrade conjugation) pattern.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 弾ける
Plain 弾ける じけ [hàjíkéꜜrù]
Conjunctive 弾けて けて [hàjíꜜkètè]
Perfective 弾けた けた [hàjíꜜkètà]
Negative 弾けない じけない [hàjíkéꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 弾けなかった じけなかった [hàjíkéꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 弾ければ じければ [hàjíkéꜜrèbà]
Past conditional 弾けたら けたら [hàjíꜜkètàrà]
Imperative 弾けろ
弾けよ
じけ
じけ
[hàjíkéꜜrò]
[hàjíkéꜜyò]
Volitional 弾けよう じけよ [hàjíkéyóꜜò]
Desiderative 弾けたい じけた [hàjíkétáꜜì]
Formal 弾けます じけま [hàjíkémáꜜsù]
Formal negative 弾けません じけませ [hàjíkémáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 弾けましょう じけましょ [hàjíkémáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 弾けました じけました [hàjíkémáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 弾け
弾けに

けに
[hàjíꜜkè]
[hàjíꜜkè nì]
Negative continuative 弾けず
弾けずに
じけ
じけずに
[hàjíkéꜜzù]
[hàjíkéꜜzù nì]
Passive 弾けられる じけられ [hàjíkéráréꜜrù]
Causative 弾けさせる
弾けさす
じけさせ
じけさ
[hàjíkésáséꜜrù]
[hàjíkésáꜜsù]
Potential 弾けられる
弾けれる
じけられ
じけれ
[hàjíkéráréꜜrù]
[hàjíkéréꜜrù]

Verb

(はじ)ける • (hajikeruintransitive ichidan (stem (はじ) (hajike), past (はじ)けた (hajiketa))

Japanese verb pair
active (はじ)
mediopassive (はじ)ける
  1. (of a container) to burst, to break from internal pressure
    クリ()(はじ)ける
    kuri no mi ga hajikeru
    The chestnut breaks open.
    ポケット(はじ)そうだ
    poketto ga hajikesō da
    My pocket is about to burst.
  2. (often figurative) to disperse or scatter with a burst
    (わら)(ごえ)(はじ)ける
    waraigoe ga hajikeru
    People burst into laughters.
    バブル(けい)(ざい)(はじ)ける
    baburu keizai ga hajikeru
    The economy bubble bursts.
  3. to have fun, to party
    ()(けん)()わったので、カラオケ(はじ)けた
    Shiken ga owatta no de, karaoke de hajiketa.
    Since the exam is over, we had fun at karaoke.
  4. to go public, to be revealed
    ()(しょく)()(けん)()(しょ)(たい)()(はじ)けた
    Oshoku jiken ga hisho no taiho de hajiketa.
    The corruption case went public following the arrest of the secretary.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "弾ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 弾け はじけ hajike
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 弾け はじけ hajike
Shūshikei ("terminal") 弾ける はじける hajikeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 弾ける はじける hajikeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 弾けれ はじけれ hajikere
Meireikei ("imperative") 弾けよ¹
弾けろ²
はじけよ¹
はじけろ²
hajikeyo¹
hajikero²
Key constructions
Passive 弾けられる はじけられる hajikerareru
Causative 弾けさせる
弾けさす
はじけさせる
はじけさす
hajikesaseru
hajikesasu
Potential 弾けられる
弾けれる³
はじけられる
はじけれる³
hajikerareru
hajikereru³
Volitional 弾けよう はじけよう hajikeyō
Negative 弾けない
弾けぬ
弾けん
はじけない
はじけぬ
はじけん
hajikenai
hajikenu
hajiken
Negative continuative 弾けず はじけず hajikezu
Formal 弾けます はじけます hajikemasu
Perfective 弾けた はじけた hajiketa
Conjunctive 弾けて はじけて hajikete
Hypothetical conditional 弾ければ はじければ hajikereba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Classical conjugation of "弾く" (カ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 弾け はじけ fazike
Continuative (連用形) 弾け はじけ fazike
Terminal (終止形) 弾く はじく faziku
Attributive (連体形) 弾くる はじくる fazikuru
Realis (已然形) 弾くれ はじくれ fazikure
Imperative (命令形) 弾けよ はじけよ fazikeyo
Key constructions
Negative 弾けず はじけず fazikezu
Contrasting conjunction 弾くれど はじくれど fazikuredo
Causal conjunction 弾くれば はじくれば fazikureba
Conditional conjunction 弾けば はじけば fazikeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 弾けき はじけき fazikeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 弾けけり はじけけり fazikekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 弾けつ はじけつ faziketu
Perfect tense (natural event) 弾けぬ はじけぬ fazikenu
Perfect-continuative tense 弾けたり はじけたり faziketari
Volitional 弾けむ はじけむ fazikemu

References

  1. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN